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1 | package Digest::SHA; |
2 | |
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3 | require 5.003000; |
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4 | |
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5 | use strict; |
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6 | use integer; |
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7 | use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK); |
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8 | |
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9 | $VERSION = '5.45'; |
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10 | |
11 | require Exporter; |
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12 | require DynaLoader; |
13 | @ISA = qw(Exporter DynaLoader); |
14 | @EXPORT_OK = qw( |
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15 | hmac_sha1 hmac_sha1_base64 hmac_sha1_hex |
16 | hmac_sha224 hmac_sha224_base64 hmac_sha224_hex |
17 | hmac_sha256 hmac_sha256_base64 hmac_sha256_hex |
18 | hmac_sha384 hmac_sha384_base64 hmac_sha384_hex |
19 | hmac_sha512 hmac_sha512_base64 hmac_sha512_hex |
20 | sha1 sha1_base64 sha1_hex |
21 | sha224 sha224_base64 sha224_hex |
22 | sha256 sha256_base64 sha256_hex |
23 | sha384 sha384_base64 sha384_hex |
24 | sha512 sha512_base64 sha512_hex); |
25 | |
26 | # If possible, inherit from Digest::base (which depends on MIME::Base64) |
27 | |
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28 | *addfile = \&Addfile; |
29 | |
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30 | eval { |
31 | require MIME::Base64; |
32 | require Digest::base; |
33 | push(@ISA, 'Digest::base'); |
34 | }; |
35 | if ($@) { |
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36 | *hexdigest = \&Hexdigest; |
37 | *b64digest = \&B64digest; |
38 | } |
39 | |
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40 | # The following routines aren't time-critical, so they can be left in Perl |
41 | |
42 | sub new { |
43 | my($class, $alg) = @_; |
44 | $alg =~ s/\D+//g if defined $alg; |
45 | if (ref($class)) { # instance method |
46 | unless (defined($alg) && ($alg != $class->algorithm)) { |
47 | sharewind($$class); |
48 | return($class); |
49 | } |
50 | shaclose($$class) if $$class; |
51 | $$class = shaopen($alg) || return; |
52 | return($class); |
53 | } |
54 | $alg = 1 unless defined $alg; |
55 | my $state = shaopen($alg) || return; |
56 | my $self = \$state; |
57 | bless($self, $class); |
58 | return($self); |
59 | } |
60 | |
61 | sub DESTROY { |
62 | my $self = shift; |
63 | shaclose($$self) if $$self; |
64 | } |
65 | |
66 | sub clone { |
67 | my $self = shift; |
68 | my $state = shadup($$self) || return; |
69 | my $copy = \$state; |
70 | bless($copy, ref($self)); |
71 | return($copy); |
72 | } |
73 | |
74 | *reset = \&new; |
75 | |
76 | sub add_bits { |
77 | my($self, $data, $nbits) = @_; |
78 | unless (defined $nbits) { |
79 | $nbits = length($data); |
80 | $data = pack("B*", $data); |
81 | } |
82 | shawrite($data, $nbits, $$self); |
83 | return($self); |
84 | } |
85 | |
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86 | sub _bail { |
87 | my $msg = shift; |
88 | |
89 | require Carp; |
90 | Carp::croak("$msg: $!"); |
91 | } |
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92 | |
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93 | sub _addfile { # this is "addfile" from Digest::base 1.00 |
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94 | my ($self, $handle) = @_; |
95 | |
96 | my $n; |
97 | my $buf = ""; |
98 | |
99 | while (($n = read($handle, $buf, 4096))) { |
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100 | $self->add($buf); |
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101 | } |
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102 | _bail("Read failed") unless defined $n; |
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103 | |
104 | $self; |
105 | } |
106 | |
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107 | sub Addfile { |
108 | my ($self, $file, $mode) = @_; |
109 | |
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110 | return(_addfile($self, $file)) unless ref(\$file) eq 'SCALAR'; |
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111 | |
112 | $mode = defined($mode) ? $mode : ""; |
113 | my ($binary, $portable) = map { $_ eq $mode } ("b", "p"); |
114 | my $text = -T $file; |
115 | |
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116 | local *FH; |
117 | open(FH, "<$file") or _bail("Open failed"); |
118 | binmode(FH) if $binary || $portable; |
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119 | |
120 | unless ($portable && $text) { |
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121 | $self->_addfile(*FH); |
122 | close(FH); |
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123 | return($self); |
124 | } |
125 | |
126 | my ($n1, $n2); |
127 | my ($buf1, $buf2) = ("", ""); |
128 | |
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129 | while (($n1 = read(FH, $buf1, 4096))) { |
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130 | while (substr($buf1, -1) eq "\015") { |
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131 | $n2 = read(FH, $buf2, 4096); |
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132 | _bail("Read failed") unless defined $n2; |
133 | last unless $n2; |
134 | $buf1 .= $buf2; |
135 | } |
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136 | $buf1 =~ s/\015?\015\012/\012/g; # DOS/Windows |
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137 | $buf1 =~ s/\015/\012/g; # early MacOS |
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138 | $self->add($buf1); |
139 | } |
140 | _bail("Read failed") unless defined $n1; |
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141 | close(FH); |
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142 | |
143 | $self; |
144 | } |
145 | |
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146 | sub dump { |
147 | my $self = shift; |
148 | my $file = shift || ""; |
149 | |
150 | shadump($file, $$self) || return; |
151 | return($self); |
152 | } |
153 | |
154 | sub load { |
155 | my $class = shift; |
156 | my $file = shift || ""; |
157 | if (ref($class)) { # instance method |
158 | shaclose($$class) if $$class; |
159 | $$class = shaload($file) || return; |
160 | return($class); |
161 | } |
162 | my $state = shaload($file) || return; |
163 | my $self = \$state; |
164 | bless($self, $class); |
165 | return($self); |
166 | } |
167 | |
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168 | Digest::SHA->bootstrap($VERSION); |
169 | |
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170 | 1; |
171 | __END__ |
172 | |
173 | =head1 NAME |
174 | |
175 | Digest::SHA - Perl extension for SHA-1/224/256/384/512 |
176 | |
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177 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
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178 | |
179 | In programs: |
180 | |
181 | # Functional interface |
182 | |
183 | use Digest::SHA qw(sha1 sha1_hex sha1_base64 ...); |
184 | |
185 | $digest = sha1($data); |
186 | $digest = sha1_hex($data); |
187 | $digest = sha1_base64($data); |
188 | |
189 | $digest = sha256($data); |
190 | $digest = sha384_hex($data); |
191 | $digest = sha512_base64($data); |
192 | |
193 | # Object-oriented |
194 | |
195 | use Digest::SHA; |
196 | |
197 | $sha = Digest::SHA->new($alg); |
198 | |
199 | $sha->add($data); # feed data into stream |
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200 | |
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201 | $sha->addfile(*F); |
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202 | $sha->addfile($filename); |
203 | |
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204 | $sha->add_bits($bits); |
205 | $sha->add_bits($data, $nbits); |
206 | |
207 | $sha_copy = $sha->clone; # if needed, make copy of |
208 | $sha->dump($file); # current digest state, |
209 | $sha->load($file); # or save it on disk |
210 | |
211 | $digest = $sha->digest; # compute digest |
212 | $digest = $sha->hexdigest; |
213 | $digest = $sha->b64digest; |
214 | |
215 | From the command line: |
216 | |
217 | $ shasum files |
218 | |
219 | $ shasum --help |
220 | |
221 | =head1 SYNOPSIS (HMAC-SHA) |
222 | |
223 | # Functional interface only |
224 | |
225 | use Digest::SHA qw(hmac_sha1 hmac_sha1_hex ...); |
226 | |
227 | $digest = hmac_sha1($data, $key); |
228 | $digest = hmac_sha224_hex($data, $key); |
229 | $digest = hmac_sha256_base64($data, $key); |
230 | |
231 | =head1 ABSTRACT |
232 | |
233 | Digest::SHA is a complete implementation of the NIST Secure Hash |
234 | Standard. It gives Perl programmers a convenient way to calculate |
235 | SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512 message digests. |
236 | The module can handle all types of input, including partial-byte |
237 | data. |
238 | |
239 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
240 | |
241 | Digest::SHA is written in C for speed. If your platform lacks a |
242 | C compiler, you can install the functionally equivalent (but much |
243 | slower) L<Digest::SHA::PurePerl> module. |
244 | |
245 | The programming interface is easy to use: it's the same one found |
246 | in CPAN's L<Digest> module. So, if your applications currently |
247 | use L<Digest::MD5> and you'd prefer the stronger security of SHA, |
248 | it's a simple matter to convert them. |
249 | |
250 | The interface provides two ways to calculate digests: all-at-once, |
251 | or in stages. To illustrate, the following short program computes |
252 | the SHA-256 digest of "hello world" using each approach: |
253 | |
254 | use Digest::SHA qw(sha256_hex); |
255 | |
256 | $data = "hello world"; |
257 | @frags = split(//, $data); |
258 | |
259 | # all-at-once (Functional style) |
260 | $digest1 = sha256_hex($data); |
261 | |
262 | # in-stages (OOP style) |
263 | $state = Digest::SHA->new(256); |
264 | for (@frags) { $state->add($_) } |
265 | $digest2 = $state->hexdigest; |
266 | |
267 | print $digest1 eq $digest2 ? |
268 | "whew!\n" : "oops!\n"; |
269 | |
270 | To calculate the digest of an n-bit message where I<n> is not a |
271 | multiple of 8, use the I<add_bits()> method. For example, consider |
272 | the 446-bit message consisting of the bit-string "110" repeated |
273 | 148 times, followed by "11". Here's how to display its SHA-1 |
274 | digest: |
275 | |
276 | use Digest::SHA; |
277 | $bits = "110" x 148 . "11"; |
278 | $sha = Digest::SHA->new(1)->add_bits($bits); |
279 | print $sha->hexdigest, "\n"; |
280 | |
281 | Note that for larger bit-strings, it's more efficient to use the |
282 | two-argument version I<add_bits($data, $nbits)>, where I<$data> is |
283 | in the customary packed binary format used for Perl strings. |
284 | |
285 | The module also lets you save intermediate SHA states to disk, or |
286 | display them on standard output. The I<dump()> method generates |
287 | portable, human-readable text describing the current state of |
288 | computation. You can subsequently retrieve the file with I<load()> |
289 | to resume where the calculation left off. |
290 | |
291 | To see what a state description looks like, just run the following: |
292 | |
293 | use Digest::SHA; |
294 | Digest::SHA->new->add("Shaw" x 1962)->dump; |
295 | |
296 | As an added convenience, the Digest::SHA module offers routines to |
297 | calculate keyed hashes using the HMAC-SHA-1/224/256/384/512 |
298 | algorithms. These services exist in functional form only, and |
299 | mimic the style and behavior of the I<sha()>, I<sha_hex()>, and |
300 | I<sha_base64()> functions. |
301 | |
302 | # Test vector from draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-01.txt |
303 | |
304 | use Digest::SHA qw(hmac_sha256_hex); |
305 | print hmac_sha256_hex("Hi There", chr(0x0b) x 32), "\n"; |
306 | |
307 | =head1 NIST STATEMENT ON SHA-1 |
308 | |
309 | I<NIST was recently informed that researchers had discovered a way |
310 | to "break" the current Federal Information Processing Standard SHA-1 |
311 | algorithm, which has been in effect since 1994. The researchers |
312 | have not yet published their complete results, so NIST has not |
313 | confirmed these findings. However, the researchers are a reputable |
314 | research team with expertise in this area.> |
315 | |
316 | I<Due to advances in computing power, NIST already planned to phase |
317 | out SHA-1 in favor of the larger and stronger hash functions (SHA-224, |
318 | SHA-256, SHA-384 and SHA-512) by 2010. New developments should use |
319 | the larger and stronger hash functions.> |
320 | |
321 | ref. L<http://www.csrc.nist.gov/pki/HashWorkshop/NIST%20Statement/Burr_Mar2005.html> |
322 | |
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323 | =head1 PADDING OF BASE64 DIGESTS |
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324 | |
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325 | By convention, CPAN Digest modules do B<not> pad their Base64 output. |
326 | Problems can occur when feeding such digests to other software that |
327 | expects properly padded Base64 encodings. |
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328 | |
329 | For the time being, any necessary padding must be done by the user. |
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330 | Fortunately, this is a simple operation: if the length of a Base64-encoded |
331 | digest isn't a multiple of 4, simply append "=" characters to the end |
332 | of the digest until it is: |
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333 | |
334 | while (length($b64_digest) % 4) { |
335 | $b64_digest .= '='; |
336 | } |
337 | |
338 | To illustrate, I<sha256_base64("abc")> is computed to be |
339 | |
340 | ungWv48Bz+pBQUDeXa4iI7ADYaOWF3qctBD/YfIAFa0 |
341 | |
342 | which has a length of 43. So, the properly padded version is |
343 | |
344 | ungWv48Bz+pBQUDeXa4iI7ADYaOWF3qctBD/YfIAFa0= |
345 | |
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346 | =head1 EXPORT |
347 | |
348 | None by default. |
349 | |
350 | =head1 EXPORTABLE FUNCTIONS |
351 | |
352 | Provided your C compiler supports a 64-bit type (e.g. the I<long |
353 | long> of C99, or I<__int64> used by Microsoft C/C++), all of these |
354 | functions will be available for use. Otherwise, you won't be able |
355 | to perform the SHA-384 and SHA-512 transforms, both of which require |
356 | 64-bit operations. |
357 | |
358 | I<Functional style> |
359 | |
360 | =over 4 |
361 | |
362 | =item B<sha1($data, ...)> |
363 | |
364 | =item B<sha224($data, ...)> |
365 | |
366 | =item B<sha256($data, ...)> |
367 | |
368 | =item B<sha384($data, ...)> |
369 | |
370 | =item B<sha512($data, ...)> |
371 | |
372 | Logically joins the arguments into a single string, and returns |
373 | its SHA-1/224/256/384/512 digest encoded as a binary string. |
374 | |
375 | =item B<sha1_hex($data, ...)> |
376 | |
377 | =item B<sha224_hex($data, ...)> |
378 | |
379 | =item B<sha256_hex($data, ...)> |
380 | |
381 | =item B<sha384_hex($data, ...)> |
382 | |
383 | =item B<sha512_hex($data, ...)> |
384 | |
385 | Logically joins the arguments into a single string, and returns |
386 | its SHA-1/224/256/384/512 digest encoded as a hexadecimal string. |
387 | |
388 | =item B<sha1_base64($data, ...)> |
389 | |
390 | =item B<sha224_base64($data, ...)> |
391 | |
392 | =item B<sha256_base64($data, ...)> |
393 | |
394 | =item B<sha384_base64($data, ...)> |
395 | |
396 | =item B<sha512_base64($data, ...)> |
397 | |
398 | Logically joins the arguments into a single string, and returns |
399 | its SHA-1/224/256/384/512 digest encoded as a Base64 string. |
400 | |
cccd5831 |
401 | It's important to note that the resulting string does B<not> contain |
402 | the padding characters typical of Base64 encodings. This omission is |
403 | deliberate, and is done to maintain compatibility with the family of |
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404 | CPAN Digest modules. See L</"PADDING OF BASE64 DIGESTS"> for details. |
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405 | |
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406 | =back |
407 | |
408 | I<OOP style> |
409 | |
410 | =over 4 |
411 | |
412 | =item B<new($alg)> |
413 | |
414 | Returns a new Digest::SHA object. Allowed values for I<$alg> are |
415 | 1, 224, 256, 384, or 512. It's also possible to use common string |
416 | representations of the algorithm (e.g. "sha256", "SHA-384"). If |
417 | the argument is missing, SHA-1 will be used by default. |
418 | |
419 | Invoking I<new> as an instance method will not create a new object; |
420 | instead, it will simply reset the object to the initial state |
421 | associated with I<$alg>. If the argument is missing, the object |
422 | will continue using the same algorithm that was selected at creation. |
423 | |
424 | =item B<reset($alg)> |
425 | |
426 | This method has exactly the same effect as I<new($alg)>. In fact, |
427 | I<reset> is just an alias for I<new>. |
428 | |
429 | =item B<hashsize> |
430 | |
431 | Returns the number of digest bits for this object. The values are |
432 | 160, 224, 256, 384, and 512 for SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, |
433 | and SHA-512, respectively. |
434 | |
435 | =item B<algorithm> |
436 | |
437 | Returns the digest algorithm for this object. The values are 1, |
438 | 224, 256, 384, and 512 for SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and |
439 | SHA-512, respectively. |
440 | |
441 | =item B<clone> |
442 | |
443 | Returns a duplicate copy of the object. |
444 | |
445 | =item B<add($data, ...)> |
446 | |
447 | Logically joins the arguments into a single string, and uses it to |
448 | update the current digest state. In other words, the following |
449 | statements have the same effect: |
450 | |
451 | $sha->add("a"); $sha->add("b"); $sha->add("c"); |
452 | $sha->add("a")->add("b")->add("c"); |
453 | $sha->add("a", "b", "c"); |
454 | $sha->add("abc"); |
455 | |
456 | The return value is the updated object itself. |
457 | |
458 | =item B<add_bits($data, $nbits)> |
459 | |
460 | =item B<add_bits($bits)> |
461 | |
462 | Updates the current digest state by appending bits to it. The |
463 | return value is the updated object itself. |
464 | |
465 | The first form causes the most-significant I<$nbits> of I<$data> |
466 | to be appended to the stream. The I<$data> argument is in the |
467 | customary binary format used for Perl strings. |
468 | |
469 | The second form takes an ASCII string of "0" and "1" characters as |
470 | its argument. It's equivalent to |
471 | |
472 | $sha->add_bits(pack("B*", $bits), length($bits)); |
473 | |
474 | So, the following two statements do the same thing: |
475 | |
476 | $sha->add_bits("111100001010"); |
477 | $sha->add_bits("\xF0\xA0", 12); |
478 | |
479 | =item B<addfile(*FILE)> |
480 | |
481 | Reads from I<FILE> until EOF, and appends that data to the current |
482 | state. The return value is the updated object itself. |
483 | |
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484 | =item B<addfile($filename [, $mode])> |
485 | |
486 | Reads the contents of I<$filename>, and appends that data to the current |
487 | state. The return value is the updated object itself. |
488 | |
489 | By default, I<$filename> is simply opened and read; no special modes |
490 | or I/O disciplines are used. To change this, set the optional I<$mode> |
491 | argument to one of the following values: |
492 | |
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493 | "b" read file in binary mode |
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494 | |
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495 | "p" use portable mode |
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496 | |
497 | The "p" mode is handy since it ensures that the digest value of |
498 | I<$filename> will be the same when computed on different operating |
499 | systems. It accomplishes this by internally translating all newlines |
500 | in text files to UNIX format before calculating the digest; on the other |
501 | hand, binary files are read in raw mode with no translation whatsoever. |
502 | |
503 | For a fuller discussion of newline formats, refer to CPAN module |
504 | L<File::LocalizeNewlines>. Its "universal line separator" regex forms |
505 | the basis of I<addfile>'s portable mode processing. |
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506 | |
507 | =item B<dump($filename)> |
508 | |
509 | Provides persistent storage of intermediate SHA states by writing |
510 | a portable, human-readable representation of the current state to |
511 | I<$filename>. If the argument is missing, or equal to the empty |
512 | string, the state information will be written to STDOUT. |
513 | |
514 | =item B<load($filename)> |
515 | |
516 | Returns a Digest::SHA object representing the intermediate SHA |
517 | state that was previously dumped to I<$filename>. If called as a |
518 | class method, a new object is created; if called as an instance |
519 | method, the object is reset to the state contained in I<$filename>. |
520 | If the argument is missing, or equal to the empty string, the state |
521 | information will be read from STDIN. |
522 | |
523 | =item B<digest> |
524 | |
525 | Returns the digest encoded as a binary string. |
526 | |
527 | Note that the I<digest> method is a read-once operation. Once it |
528 | has been performed, the Digest::SHA object is automatically reset |
529 | in preparation for calculating another digest value. Call |
530 | I<$sha-E<gt>clone-E<gt>digest> if it's necessary to preserve the |
531 | original digest state. |
532 | |
533 | =item B<hexdigest> |
534 | |
535 | Returns the digest encoded as a hexadecimal string. |
536 | |
537 | Like I<digest>, this method is a read-once operation. Call |
538 | I<$sha-E<gt>clone-E<gt>hexdigest> if it's necessary to preserve |
539 | the original digest state. |
540 | |
541 | This method is inherited if L<Digest::base> is installed on your |
542 | system. Otherwise, a functionally equivalent substitute is used. |
543 | |
544 | =item B<b64digest> |
545 | |
546 | Returns the digest encoded as a Base64 string. |
547 | |
548 | Like I<digest>, this method is a read-once operation. Call |
549 | I<$sha-E<gt>clone-E<gt>b64digest> if it's necessary to preserve |
550 | the original digest state. |
551 | |
552 | This method is inherited if L<Digest::base> is installed on your |
553 | system. Otherwise, a functionally equivalent substitute is used. |
554 | |
cccd5831 |
555 | It's important to note that the resulting string does B<not> contain |
556 | the padding characters typical of Base64 encodings. This omission is |
557 | deliberate, and is done to maintain compatibility with the family of |
747da336 |
558 | CPAN Digest modules. See L</"PADDING OF BASE64 DIGESTS"> for details. |
cccd5831 |
559 | |
6bc89f92 |
560 | =back |
561 | |
562 | I<HMAC-SHA-1/224/256/384/512> |
563 | |
564 | =over 4 |
565 | |
566 | =item B<hmac_sha1($data, $key)> |
567 | |
568 | =item B<hmac_sha224($data, $key)> |
569 | |
570 | =item B<hmac_sha256($data, $key)> |
571 | |
572 | =item B<hmac_sha384($data, $key)> |
573 | |
574 | =item B<hmac_sha512($data, $key)> |
575 | |
576 | Returns the HMAC-SHA-1/224/256/384/512 digest of I<$data>/I<$key>, |
577 | with the result encoded as a binary string. Multiple I<$data> |
578 | arguments are allowed, provided that I<$key> is the last argument |
579 | in the list. |
580 | |
581 | =item B<hmac_sha1_hex($data, $key)> |
582 | |
583 | =item B<hmac_sha224_hex($data, $key)> |
584 | |
585 | =item B<hmac_sha256_hex($data, $key)> |
586 | |
587 | =item B<hmac_sha384_hex($data, $key)> |
588 | |
589 | =item B<hmac_sha512_hex($data, $key)> |
590 | |
591 | Returns the HMAC-SHA-1/224/256/384/512 digest of I<$data>/I<$key>, |
592 | with the result encoded as a hexadecimal string. Multiple I<$data> |
593 | arguments are allowed, provided that I<$key> is the last argument |
594 | in the list. |
595 | |
596 | =item B<hmac_sha1_base64($data, $key)> |
597 | |
598 | =item B<hmac_sha224_base64($data, $key)> |
599 | |
600 | =item B<hmac_sha256_base64($data, $key)> |
601 | |
602 | =item B<hmac_sha384_base64($data, $key)> |
603 | |
604 | =item B<hmac_sha512_base64($data, $key)> |
605 | |
606 | Returns the HMAC-SHA-1/224/256/384/512 digest of I<$data>/I<$key>, |
607 | with the result encoded as a Base64 string. Multiple I<$data> |
608 | arguments are allowed, provided that I<$key> is the last argument |
609 | in the list. |
610 | |
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611 | It's important to note that the resulting string does B<not> contain |
612 | the padding characters typical of Base64 encodings. This omission is |
613 | deliberate, and is done to maintain compatibility with the family of |
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614 | CPAN Digest modules. See L</"PADDING OF BASE64 DIGESTS"> for details. |
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615 | |
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616 | =back |
617 | |
618 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
619 | |
620 | L<Digest>, L<Digest::SHA::PurePerl> |
621 | |
622 | The Secure Hash Standard (FIPS PUB 180-2) can be found at: |
623 | |
624 | L<http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips180-2/fips180-2withchangenotice.pdf> |
625 | |
626 | The Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC): |
627 | |
628 | L<http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips198/fips-198a.pdf> |
629 | |
630 | =head1 AUTHOR |
631 | |
632 | Mark Shelor <mshelor@cpan.org> |
633 | |
634 | =head1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS |
635 | |
636 | The author is particularly grateful to |
637 | |
638 | Gisle Aas |
639 | Chris Carey |
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640 | Jim Doble |
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641 | Julius Duque |
642 | Jeffrey Friedl |
643 | Robert Gilmour |
644 | Brian Gladman |
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645 | Adam Kennedy |
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646 | Andy Lester |
647 | Alex Muntada |
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648 | Steve Peters |
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649 | Chris Skiscim |
650 | Martin Thurn |
651 | Gunnar Wolf |
652 | Adam Woodbury |
653 | |
654 | for their valuable comments and suggestions. |
655 | |
656 | =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE |
657 | |
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658 | Copyright (C) 2003-2007 Mark Shelor |
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659 | |
660 | This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify |
661 | it under the same terms as Perl itself. |
662 | |
663 | L<perlartistic> |
664 | |
665 | =cut |