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# File	  : Zlib.pm
# Author  : Paul Marquess
# Created : 6 September 2005
# Version : 1.38
#
#     Copyright (c) 1995-2005 Paul Marquess. All rights reserved.
#     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
#     modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
#

package Compress::Zlib;

require 5.004 ;
require Exporter;
use AutoLoader;
use Carp ;
use IO::Handle ;

use strict ;
use warnings ;
our ($VERSION, @ISA, @EXPORT, $AUTOLOAD);
our ($deflateDefault, $deflateParamsDefault, $inflateDefault);

$VERSION = "1.38" ;

@ISA = qw(Exporter);
# Items to export into callers namespace by default. Note: do not export
# names by default without a very good reason. Use EXPORT_OK instead.
# Do not simply export all your public functions/methods/constants.
@EXPORT = qw(
	deflateInit 
	inflateInit

	compress 
	uncompress

	gzip gunzip

	gzopen 
	$gzerrno

	adler32 
	crc32

	ZLIB_VERSION
    ZLIB_VERNUM

	DEF_WBITS
	OS_CODE

        MAX_MEM_LEVEL
	MAX_WBITS

	Z_ASCII
	Z_BEST_COMPRESSION
	Z_BEST_SPEED
	Z_BINARY
	Z_BUF_ERROR
	Z_DATA_ERROR
	Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION
	Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY
        Z_DEFLATED
	Z_ERRNO
	Z_FILTERED
	Z_FINISH
	Z_FULL_FLUSH
	Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY
	Z_MEM_ERROR
	Z_NEED_DICT
	Z_NO_COMPRESSION
	Z_NO_FLUSH
	Z_NULL
	Z_OK
	Z_PARTIAL_FLUSH
	Z_STREAM_END
	Z_STREAM_ERROR
	Z_SYNC_FLUSH
	Z_UNKNOWN
	Z_VERSION_ERROR
);



sub AUTOLOAD {
    my($constname);
    ($constname = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*:://;
    my ($error, $val) = constant($constname);
    Carp::croak $error if $error;
    no strict 'refs';
    *{$AUTOLOAD} = sub { $val };
    goto &{$AUTOLOAD};
}

eval {
    require XSLoader;
    XSLoader::load('Compress::Zlib', $VERSION);
} or do {
    require DynaLoader;
    local @ISA = qw(DynaLoader);
    bootstrap Compress::Zlib $VERSION ;
} ;

# Preloaded methods go here.

sub isaFilehandle($)
{
    my $fh = shift ;

    return ((UNIVERSAL::isa($fh,'GLOB') or UNIVERSAL::isa(\$fh,'GLOB')) 
		and defined fileno($fh)  )

}

sub isaFilename($)
{
    my $name = shift ;

    return (! ref $name and UNIVERSAL::isa(\$name, 'SCALAR')) ;
}

sub gzopen($$)
{
    my ($file, $mode) = @_ ;
 
    if (isaFilehandle $file) {
	IO::Handle::flush($file) ;
	my $offset = tell($file) ;
        gzdopen_(fileno($file), $mode, $offset) ;
    }
    elsif (isaFilename $file) {
	gzopen_($file, $mode) 
    }
    else {
	croak "gzopen: file parameter is not a filehandle or filename"
    }
}

sub ParseParameters($@)
{
    my ($default, @rest) = @_ ;
    my (%got) = %$default ;
    my (@Bad) ;
    my ($key, $value) ;
    my $sub = (caller(1))[3] ;
    my %options = () ;

    # allow the options to be passed as a hash reference or
    # as the complete hash.
    if (@rest == 1) {

        croak "$sub: parameter is not a reference to a hash"
            if ref $rest[0] ne "HASH" ;

        %options = %{ $rest[0] } ;
    }
    elsif (@rest >= 2) {
        my $count = @rest;
        croak "$sub: Expected even number of parameters, got $count"
            if @rest % 2 != 0 ;
        %options = @rest ;
    }

    while (($key, $value) = each %options)
    {
	$key =~ s/^-// ;

        if (exists $default->{$key})
          { $got{$key} = $value }
        else
	  { push (@Bad, $key) }
    }
    
    if (@Bad) {
        my ($bad) = join(", ", @Bad) ;
        croak "unknown key value(s) @Bad" ;
    }

    return \%got ;
}

$deflateDefault = {
	'Level'	     =>	Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION(),
	'Method'     =>	Z_DEFLATED(),
	'WindowBits' =>	MAX_WBITS(),
	'MemLevel'   =>	MAX_MEM_LEVEL(),
	'Strategy'   =>	Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY(),
	'Bufsize'    =>	4096,
	'Dictionary' =>	"",
	} ;

$deflateParamsDefault = {
	'Level'	     =>	undef,
	'Strategy'   =>	undef,
	'Bufsize'    =>	undef,
	} ;

$inflateDefault = {
	'WindowBits' =>	MAX_WBITS(),
	'Bufsize'    =>	4096,
	'Dictionary' =>	"",
	} ;


sub deflateInit(@)
{
    my ($got) = ParseParameters($deflateDefault, @_) ;
    no warnings;
    croak "deflateInit: Bufsize must be >= 1, you specified $got->{Bufsize}"
        unless $got->{Bufsize} >= 1;
    _deflateInit($got->{Level}, $got->{Method}, $got->{WindowBits}, 
		$got->{MemLevel}, $got->{Strategy}, $got->{Bufsize},
		$got->{Dictionary}) ;
		
}

sub inflateInit(@)
{
    my ($got) = ParseParameters($inflateDefault, @_) ;
    no warnings;
    croak "inflateInit: Bufsize must be >= 1, you specified $got->{Bufsize}"
        unless $got->{Bufsize} >= 1;
    _inflateInit($got->{WindowBits}, $got->{Bufsize}, $got->{Dictionary});
 
}

sub Compress::Zlib::deflateStream::deflateParams
{
    my $self = shift ;
    my ($got) = ParseParameters($deflateParamsDefault, @_) ;
    croak "deflateParams needs Level and/or Strategy"
        unless defined $got->{Level} || defined $got->{Strategy};
    no warnings;
    croak "deflateParams: Bufsize must be >= 1, you specified $got->{Bufsize}"
        unless  !defined $got->{Bufsize} || $got->{Bufsize} >= 1;

    my $flags = 0;
    if (defined $got->{Level}) 
      { $flags |= 1 }
    else 
      { $got->{Level} = 0 }

    if (defined $got->{Strategy}) 
      { $flags |= 2 }
    else 
      { $got->{Strategy} = 0 }

    $got->{Bufsize} = 0 
        if !defined $got->{Bufsize};

    $self->_deflateParams($flags, $got->{Level}, $got->{Strategy}, 
                          $got->{Bufsize});
		
}

sub compress($;$)
{
    my ($x, $output, $out, $err, $in) ;

    if (ref $_[0] ) {
        $in = $_[0] ;
	croak "not a scalar reference" unless ref $in eq 'SCALAR' ;
    }
    else {
        $in = \$_[0] ;
    }

    my $level = (@_ == 2 ? $_[1] : Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION() );


    if ( (($x, $err) = deflateInit(Level => $level))[1] == Z_OK()) {

        ($output, $err) = $x->deflate($in) ;
	return undef unless $err == Z_OK() ;

	($out, $err) = $x->flush() ;
	return undef unless $err == Z_OK() ;
    
        return ($output . $out) ;

    }

    return undef ;
}


sub uncompress($)
{
    my ($x, $output, $err, $in) ;

    if (ref $_[0] ) {
        $in = $_[0] ;
	croak "not a scalar reference" unless ref $in eq 'SCALAR' ;
    }
    else {
        $in = \$_[0] ;
    }

    if ( (($x, $err) = inflateInit())[1] == Z_OK())  {
 
        ($output, $err) = $x->__unc_inflate($in) ;
        return undef unless $err == Z_STREAM_END() ;
 
	return $output ;
    }
 
    return undef ;
}


# Constants
use constant MAGIC1	=> 0x1f ;
use constant MAGIC2	=> 0x8b ;
use constant OSCODE	=> 3 ;

use constant FTEXT	=> 1 ;
use constant FHCRC	=> 2 ;
use constant FEXTRA	=> 4 ;
use constant FNAME	=> 8 ;
use constant FCOMMENT	=> 16 ;
use constant NULL	=> pack("C", 0) ;
use constant RESERVED	=> 0xE0 ;

use constant MIN_HDR_SIZE => 10 ; # minimum gzip header size
 
sub memGzip($)
{
  my $x = deflateInit(
                      -Level         => Z_BEST_COMPRESSION(),
                      -WindowBits     =>  - MAX_WBITS(),
                     )
      or return undef ;
 
  # write a minimal gzip header
  my(@m);
  push @m, pack("C" . MIN_HDR_SIZE, 
                MAGIC1, MAGIC2, Z_DEFLATED(), 0,0,0,0,0,0, OSCODE) ;
 
  # if the deflation buffer isn't a reference, make it one
  my $string = (ref $_[0] ? $_[0] : \$_[0]) ;

  my ($output, $status) = $x->deflate($string) ;
  push @m, $output ;
  $status == Z_OK()
      or return undef ;
 
  ($output, $status) = $x->flush() ;
  push @m, $output ;
  $status == Z_OK()
      or return undef ;
 
  push @m, pack("V V", crc32($string), $x->total_in());
 
  return join "", @m;
}

sub _removeGzipHeader($)
{
    my $string = shift ;

    return Z_DATA_ERROR() 
        if length($$string) < MIN_HDR_SIZE ;

    my ($magic1, $magic2, $method, $flags, $time, $xflags, $oscode) = 
        unpack ('CCCCVCC', $$string);

    return Z_DATA_ERROR()
        unless $magic1 == MAGIC1 and $magic2 == MAGIC2 and
           $method == Z_DEFLATED() and !($flags & RESERVED()) ;
    substr($$string, 0, MIN_HDR_SIZE) = '' ;

    # skip extra field
    if ($flags & FEXTRA)
    {
        return Z_DATA_ERROR()
            if length($$string) < 2 ;

        my ($extra_len) = unpack ('v', $$string);
        $extra_len += 2;
        return Z_DATA_ERROR()
            if length($$string) < $extra_len ;

        substr($$string, 0, $extra_len) = '';
    }

    # skip orig name
    if ($flags & FNAME)
    {
        my $name_end = index ($$string, NULL);
        return Z_DATA_ERROR()
           if $name_end == -1 ;
        substr($$string, 0, $name_end + 1) =  '';
    }

    # skip comment
    if ($flags & FCOMMENT)
    {
        my $comment_end = index ($$string, NULL);
        return Z_DATA_ERROR()
            if $comment_end == -1 ;
        substr($$string, 0, $comment_end + 1) = '';
    }

    # skip header crc
    if ($flags & FHCRC)
    {
        return Z_DATA_ERROR()
            if length ($$string) < 2 ;
        substr($$string, 0, 2) = '';
    }
    
    return Z_OK();
}


sub memGunzip($)
{
    # if the buffer isn't a reference, make it one
    my $string = (ref $_[0] ? $_[0] : \$_[0]);
 
    _removeGzipHeader($string) == Z_OK() 
        or return undef;
     
    my $bufsize = length $$string > 4096 ? length $$string : 4096 ;
    my $x = inflateInit( -WindowBits => - MAX_WBITS(),
                         -Bufsize => $bufsize) 
              or return undef;
    my ($output, $status) = $x->inflate($string);
    return undef 
        unless $status == Z_STREAM_END();

    if (length $$string >= 8)
    {
        my ($crc, $len) = unpack ("VV", substr($$string, 0, 8));
        substr($$string, 0, 8) = '';
        return undef 
            unless $len == length($output) and
                   $crc == crc32($output);
    }
    else
    {
        $$string = '';
    }

    return $output;   
}

# Autoload methods go after __END__, and are processed by the autosplit program.

1;
__END__


=head1 NAME

Compress::Zlib - Interface to zlib compression library

=head1 SYNOPSIS

    use Compress::Zlib ;

    ($d, $status) = deflateInit( [OPT] ) ;
    ($out, $status) = $d->deflate($buffer) ;
    $status = $d->deflateParams([OPT]) ;
    ($out, $status) = $d->flush() ;
    $d->dict_adler() ;
    $d->total_in() ;
    $d->total_out() ;
    $d->msg() ;

    ($i, $status) = inflateInit( [OPT] ) ;
    ($out, $status) = $i->inflate($buffer) ;
    $status = $i->inflateSync($buffer) ;
    $i->dict_adler() ;
    $i->total_in() ;
    $i->total_out() ;
    $i->msg() ;

    $dest = compress($source, [$level]) ;
    $dest = uncompress($source) ;

    $gz = gzopen($filename or filehandle, $mode) ;
    $bytesread = $gz->gzread($buffer [,$size]) ;
    $bytesread = $gz->gzreadline($line) ;
    $byteswritten = $gz->gzwrite($buffer) ;
    $status = $gz->gzflush($flush) ;
    $status = $gz->gzclose() ;
    $status = $gz->gzeof() ;
    $status = $gz->gzsetparams($level, $strategy) ;
    $errstring = $gz->gzerror() ; 
    $gzerrno

    $dest = Compress::Zlib::memGzip($buffer) ;
    $dest = Compress::Zlib::memGunzip($buffer) ;

    $crc = adler32($buffer [,$crc]) ;
    $crc = crc32($buffer [,$crc]) ;

    ZLIB_VERSION

=head1 DESCRIPTION

The I<Compress::Zlib> module provides a Perl interface to the I<zlib>
compression library (see L</AUTHOR> for details about where to get
I<zlib>). Most of the functionality provided by I<zlib> is available
in I<Compress::Zlib>.

The module can be split into two general areas of functionality, namely
in-memory compression/decompression and read/write access to I<gzip>
files. Each of these areas will be discussed separately below.

=head1 DEFLATE 

The interface I<Compress::Zlib> provides to the in-memory I<deflate>
(and I<inflate>) functions has been modified to fit into a Perl model.

The main difference is that for both inflation and deflation, the Perl
interface will I<always> consume the complete input buffer before
returning. Also the output buffer returned will be automatically grown
to fit the amount of output available.

Here is a definition of the interface available:


=head2 B<($d, $status) = deflateInit( [OPT] )>

Initialises a deflation stream. 

It combines the features of the I<zlib> functions B<deflateInit>,
B<deflateInit2> and B<deflateSetDictionary>.

If successful, it will return the initialised deflation stream, B<$d>
and B<$status> of C<Z_OK> in a list context. In scalar context it
returns the deflation stream, B<$d>, only.

If not successful, the returned deflation stream (B<$d>) will be
I<undef> and B<$status> will hold the exact I<zlib> error code.

The function optionally takes a number of named options specified as
C<-Name=E<gt>value> pairs. This allows individual options to be
tailored without having to specify them all in the parameter list.

For backward compatibility, it is also possible to pass the parameters
as a reference to a hash containing the name=>value pairs.

The function takes one optional parameter, a reference to a hash.  The
contents of the hash allow the deflation interface to be tailored.

Here is a list of the valid options:

=over 5

=item B<-Level>

Defines the compression level. Valid values are 0 through 9,
C<Z_NO_COMPRESSION>, C<Z_BEST_SPEED>, C<Z_BEST_COMPRESSION>, and
C<Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION>.

The default is C<-Level =E<gt>Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION>.

=item B<-Method>

Defines the compression method. The only valid value at present (and
the default) is C<-Method =E<gt>Z_DEFLATED>.

=item B<-WindowBits>

For a definition of the meaning and valid values for B<WindowBits>
refer to the I<zlib> documentation for I<deflateInit2>.

Defaults to C<-WindowBits =E<gt>MAX_WBITS>.

=item B<-MemLevel>

For a definition of the meaning and valid values for B<MemLevel>
refer to the I<zlib> documentation for I<deflateInit2>.

Defaults to C<-MemLevel =E<gt>MAX_MEM_LEVEL>.

=item B<-Strategy>

Defines the strategy used to tune the compression. The valid values are
C<Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY>, C<Z_FILTERED> and C<Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY>. 

The default is C<-Strategy =E<gt>Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY>.

=item B<-Dictionary>

When a dictionary is specified I<Compress::Zlib> will automatically
call B<deflateSetDictionary> directly after calling B<deflateInit>. The
Adler32 value for the dictionary can be obtained by calling the method 
C<$d->dict_adler()>.

The default is no dictionary.

=item B<-Bufsize>

Sets the initial size for the deflation buffer. If the buffer has to be
reallocated to increase the size, it will grow in increments of
B<Bufsize>.

The default is 4096.

=back

Here is an example of using the B<deflateInit> optional parameter list
to override the default buffer size and compression level. All other
options will take their default values.

    deflateInit( -Bufsize => 300, 
                 -Level => Z_BEST_SPEED  ) ;


=head2 B<($out, $status) = $d-E<gt>deflate($buffer)>


Deflates the contents of B<$buffer>. The buffer can either be a scalar
or a scalar reference.  When finished, B<$buffer> will be
completely processed (assuming there were no errors). If the deflation
was successful it returns the deflated output, B<$out>, and a status
value, B<$status>, of C<Z_OK>.

On error, B<$out> will be I<undef> and B<$status> will contain the
I<zlib> error code.

In a scalar context B<deflate> will return B<$out> only.

As with the I<deflate> function in I<zlib>, it is not necessarily the
case that any output will be produced by this method. So don't rely on
the fact that B<$out> is empty for an error test.


=head2 B<($out, $status) = $d-E<gt>flush([flush_type])>

Typically used to finish the deflation. Any pending output will be
returned via B<$out>.
B<$status> will have a value C<Z_OK> if successful.

In a scalar context B<flush> will return B<$out> only.

Note that flushing can seriously degrade the compression ratio, so it
should only be used to terminate a decompression (using C<Z_FINISH>) or
when you want to create a I<full flush point> (using C<Z_FULL_FLUSH>).

By default the C<flush_type> used is C<Z_FINISH>. Other valid values
for C<flush_type> are C<Z_NO_FLUSH>, C<Z_PARTIAL_FLUSH>, C<Z_SYNC_FLUSH>
and C<Z_FULL_FLUSH>. It is strongly recommended that you only set the
C<flush_type> parameter if you fully understand the implications of
what it does. See the C<zlib> documentation for details.

=head2 B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateParams([OPT])>

Change settings for the deflate stream C<$d>.

The list of the valid options is shown below. Options not specified
will remain unchanged.

=over 5

=item B<-Level>

Defines the compression level. Valid values are 0 through 9,
C<Z_NO_COMPRESSION>, C<Z_BEST_SPEED>, C<Z_BEST_COMPRESSION>, and
C<Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION>.

=item B<-Strategy>

Defines the strategy used to tune the compression. The valid values are
C<Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY>, C<Z_FILTERED> and C<Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY>. 

=back

=head2 B<$d-E<gt>dict_adler()>

Returns the adler32 value for the dictionary.

=head2 B<$d-E<gt>msg()>

Returns the last error message generated by zlib.

=head2 B<$d-E<gt>total_in()>

Returns the total number of bytes uncompressed bytes input to deflate.

=head2 B<$d-E<gt>total_out()>

Returns the total number of compressed bytes output from deflate.

=head2 Example


Here is a trivial example of using B<deflate>. It simply reads standard
input, deflates it and writes it to standard output.

    use strict ;
    use warnings ;

    use Compress::Zlib ;

    binmode STDIN;
    binmode STDOUT;
    my $x = deflateInit()
       or die "Cannot create a deflation stream\n" ;

    my ($output, $status) ;
    while (<>)
    {
        ($output, $status) = $x->deflate($_) ;
    
        $status == Z_OK
            or die "deflation failed\n" ;
    
        print $output ;
    }
    
    ($output, $status) = $x->flush() ;
    
    $status == Z_OK
        or die "deflation failed\n" ;
    
    print $output ;

=head1 INFLATE

Here is a definition of the interface:


=head2 B<($i, $status) = inflateInit()>

Initialises an inflation stream. 

In a list context it returns the inflation stream, B<$i>, and the
I<zlib> status code (B<$status>). In a scalar context it returns the
inflation stream only.

If successful, B<$i> will hold the inflation stream and B<$status> will
be C<Z_OK>.

If not successful, B<$i> will be I<undef> and B<$status> will hold the
I<zlib> error code.

The function optionally takes a number of named options specified as
C<-Name=E<gt>value> pairs. This allows individual options to be
tailored without having to specify them all in the parameter list.
 
For backward compatibility, it is also possible to pass the parameters
as a reference to a hash containing the name=>value pairs.
 
The function takes one optional parameter, a reference to a hash.  The
contents of the hash allow the deflation interface to be tailored.
 
Here is a list of the valid options:

=over 5

=item B<-WindowBits>

For a definition of the meaning and valid values for B<WindowBits>
refer to the I<zlib> documentation for I<inflateInit2>.

Defaults to C<-WindowBits =E<gt>MAX_WBITS>.

=item B<-Bufsize>

Sets the initial size for the inflation buffer. If the buffer has to be
reallocated to increase the size, it will grow in increments of
B<Bufsize>. 

Default is 4096.

=item B<-Dictionary>

The default is no dictionary.

=back

Here is an example of using the B<inflateInit> optional parameter to
override the default buffer size.

    inflateInit( -Bufsize => 300 ) ;

=head2 B<($out, $status) = $i-E<gt>inflate($buffer)>

Inflates the complete contents of B<$buffer>. The buffer can either be
a scalar or a scalar reference.

Returns C<Z_OK> if successful and C<Z_STREAM_END> if the end of the
compressed data has been successfully reached. 
If not successful, B<$out> will be I<undef> and B<$status> will hold
the I<zlib> error code.

The C<$buffer> parameter is modified by C<inflate>. On completion it
will contain what remains of the input buffer after inflation. This
means that C<$buffer> will be an empty string when the return status is
C<Z_OK>. When the return status is C<Z_STREAM_END> the C<$buffer>
parameter will contains what (if anything) was stored in the input
buffer after the deflated data stream.

This feature is useful when processing a file format that encapsulates
a  compressed data stream (e.g. gzip, zip).

=head2 B<$status = $i-E<gt>inflateSync($buffer)>

Scans C<$buffer> until it reaches either a I<full flush point> or the
end of the buffer.

If a I<full flush point> is found, C<Z_OK> is returned and C<$buffer>
will be have all data up to the flush point removed. This can then be
passed to the C<deflate> method.

Any other return code means that a flush point was not found. If more
data is available, C<inflateSync> can be called repeatedly with more
compressed data until the flush point is found.


=head2 B<$i-E<gt>dict_adler()>

Returns the adler32 value for the dictionary.

=head2 B<$i-E<gt>msg()>

Returns the last error message generated by zlib.

=head2 B<$i-E<gt>total_in()>

Returns the total number of bytes compressed bytes input to inflate.

=head2 B<$i-E<gt>total_out()>

Returns the total number of uncompressed bytes output from inflate.

=head2 Example

Here is an example of using B<inflate>.

    use strict ;
    use warnings ;
    
    use Compress::Zlib ;
    
    my $x = inflateInit()
       or die "Cannot create a inflation stream\n" ;
    
    my $input = '' ;
    binmode STDIN;
    binmode STDOUT;
    
    my ($output, $status) ;
    while (read(STDIN, $input, 4096))
    {
        ($output, $status) = $x->inflate(\$input) ;
    
        print $output 
            if $status == Z_OK or $status == Z_STREAM_END ;
    
        last if $status != Z_OK ;
    }
    
    die "inflation failed\n"
        unless $status == Z_STREAM_END ;

=head1 COMPRESS/UNCOMPRESS

Two high-level functions are provided by I<zlib> to perform in-memory
compression/uncompression of RFC1950 data streams. They are called
B<compress> and B<uncompress>.

The two Perl subs defined below provide the equivalent
functionality.

=over 5

=item B<$dest = compress($source [, $level] ) ;>

Compresses B<$source>. If successful it returns the
compressed data. Otherwise it returns I<undef>.

The source buffer can either be a scalar or a scalar reference.

The B<$level> paramter defines the compression level. Valid values are
0 through 9, C<Z_NO_COMPRESSION>, C<Z_BEST_SPEED>,
C<Z_BEST_COMPRESSION>, and C<Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION>.
If B<$level> is not specified C<Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION> will be used.


=item B<$dest = uncompress($source) ;>

Uncompresses B<$source>. If successful it returns the uncompressed
data. Otherwise it returns I<undef>.

The source buffer can either be a scalar or a scalar reference.

=back

Please note: the two functions defined above are I<not> compatible with
the Unix commands of the same name.

=head1 GZIP INTERFACE

A number of functions are supplied in I<zlib> for reading and writing
I<gzip> files. This module provides an interface to most of them. In
general the interface provided by this module operates identically to
the functions provided by I<zlib>. Any differences are explained
below.

=over 5

=item B<$gz = gzopen(filename or filehandle, mode)>

This function operates identically to the I<zlib> equivalent except
that it returns an object which is used to access the other I<gzip>
methods.

As with the I<zlib> equivalent, the B<mode> parameter is used to
specify both whether the file is opened for reading or writing and to
optionally specify a a compression level. Refer to the I<zlib>
documentation for the exact format of the B<mode> parameter.

If a reference to an open filehandle is passed in place of the
filename, gzdopen will be called behind the scenes. The third example
at the end of this section, I<gzstream>, uses this feature.

=item B<$bytesread = $gz-E<gt>gzread($buffer [, $size]) ;>

Reads B<$size> bytes from the compressed file into B<$buffer>. If
B<$size> is not specified, it will default to 4096. If the scalar
B<$buffer> is not large enough, it will be extended automatically.

Returns the number of bytes actually read. On EOF it returns 0 and in
the case of an error, -1.

=item B<$bytesread = $gz-E<gt>gzreadline($line) ;>

Reads the next line from the compressed file into B<$line>. 

Returns the number of bytes actually read. On EOF it returns 0 and in
the case of an error, -1.

It is legal to intermix calls to B<gzread> and B<gzreadline>.

At this time B<gzreadline> ignores the variable C<$/>
(C<$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR> or C<$RS> when C<English> is in use). The
end of a line is denoted by the C character C<'\n'>.

=item B<$byteswritten = $gz-E<gt>gzwrite($buffer) ;>

Writes the contents of B<$buffer> to the compressed file. Returns the
number of bytes actually written, or 0 on error.

=item B<$status = $gz-E<gt>gzflush($flush) ;>

Flushes all pending output to the compressed file.
Works identically to the I<zlib> function it interfaces to. Note that
the use of B<gzflush> can degrade compression.

Returns C<Z_OK> if B<$flush> is C<Z_FINISH> and all output could be
flushed. Otherwise the zlib error code is returned.

Refer to the I<zlib> documentation for the valid values of B<$flush>.

=item B<$status = $gz-E<gt>gzeof() ;>

Returns 1 if the end of file has been detected while reading the input
file, otherwise returns 0.

=item B<$gz-E<gt>gzclose>

Closes the compressed file. Any pending data is flushed to the file
before it is closed.

=item B<$gz-E<gt>gzsetparams($level, $strategy>

Change settings for the deflate stream C<$gz>.

The list of the valid options is shown below. Options not specified
will remain unchanged.

Note: This method is only available if you are running zlib 1.0.6 or better.

=over 5

=item B<$level>

Defines the compression level. Valid values are 0 through 9,
C<Z_NO_COMPRESSION>, C<Z_BEST_SPEED>, C<Z_BEST_COMPRESSION>, and
C<Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION>.

=item B<$strategy>

Defines the strategy used to tune the compression. The valid values are
C<Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY>, C<Z_FILTERED> and C<Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY>. 

=back

=item B<$gz-E<gt>gzerror>

Returns the I<zlib> error message or number for the last operation
associated with B<$gz>. The return value will be the I<zlib> error
number when used in a numeric context and the I<zlib> error message
when used in a string context. The I<zlib> error number constants,
shown below, are available for use.

    Z_OK
    Z_STREAM_END
    Z_ERRNO
    Z_STREAM_ERROR
    Z_DATA_ERROR
    Z_MEM_ERROR
    Z_BUF_ERROR

=item B<$gzerrno>

The B<$gzerrno> scalar holds the error code associated with the most
recent I<gzip> routine. Note that unlike B<gzerror()>, the error is
I<not> associated with a particular file.

As with B<gzerror()> it returns an error number in numeric context and
an error message in string context. Unlike B<gzerror()> though, the
error message will correspond to the I<zlib> message when the error is
associated with I<zlib> itself, or the UNIX error message when it is
not (i.e. I<zlib> returned C<Z_ERRORNO>).

As there is an overlap between the error numbers used by I<zlib> and
UNIX, B<$gzerrno> should only be used to check for the presence of
I<an> error in numeric context. Use B<gzerror()> to check for specific
I<zlib> errors. The I<gzcat> example below shows how the variable can
be used safely.

=back


=head2 Examples

Here is an example script which uses the interface. It implements a
I<gzcat> function.

    use strict ;
    use warnings ;
    
    use Compress::Zlib ;
    
    die "Usage: gzcat file...\n"
        unless @ARGV ;
    
    my $file ;
    
    foreach $file (@ARGV) {
        my $buffer ;
    
        my $gz = gzopen($file, "rb") 
             or die "Cannot open $file: $gzerrno\n" ;
    
        print $buffer while $gz->gzread($buffer) > 0 ;
    
        die "Error reading from $file: $gzerrno" . ($gzerrno+0) . "\n" 
            if $gzerrno != Z_STREAM_END ;
        
        $gz->gzclose() ;
    }

Below is a script which makes use of B<gzreadline>. It implements a
very simple I<grep> like script.

    use strict ;
    use warnings ;
    
    use Compress::Zlib ;
    
    die "Usage: gzgrep pattern file...\n"
        unless @ARGV >= 2;
    
    my $pattern = shift ;
    
    my $file ;
    
    foreach $file (@ARGV) {
        my $gz = gzopen($file, "rb") 
             or die "Cannot open $file: $gzerrno\n" ;
    
        while ($gz->gzreadline($_) > 0) {
            print if /$pattern/ ;
        }
    
        die "Error reading from $file: $gzerrno\n" 
            if $gzerrno != Z_STREAM_END ;
        
        $gz->gzclose() ;
    }

This script, I<gzstream>, does the opposite of the I<gzcat> script
above. It reads from standard input and writes a gzip file to standard
output.

    use strict ;
    use warnings ;
    
    use Compress::Zlib ;
    
    binmode STDOUT;	# gzopen only sets it on the fd
    
    my $gz = gzopen(\*STDOUT, "wb")
    	  or die "Cannot open stdout: $gzerrno\n" ;
    
    while (<>) {
        $gz->gzwrite($_) 
    	or die "error writing: $gzerrno\n" ;
    }

    $gz->gzclose ;

=head2 Compress::Zlib::memGzip

This function is used to create an in-memory gzip file. 
It creates a minimal gzip header.

    $dest = Compress::Zlib::memGzip($buffer) ;

If successful, it returns the in-memory gzip file, otherwise it returns
undef.

The buffer parameter can either be a scalar or a scalar reference.

=head2 Compress::Zlib::memGunzip

This function is used to uncompress an in-memory gzip file.

    $dest = Compress::Zlib::memGunzip($buffer) ;

If successful, it returns the uncompressed gzip file, otherwise it
returns undef.

The buffer parameter can either be a scalar or a scalar reference. The
contents of the buffer parameter are destroyed after calling this
function.

=head1 CHECKSUM FUNCTIONS

Two functions are provided by I<zlib> to calculate a checksum. For the
Perl interface, the order of the two parameters in both functions has
been reversed. This allows both running checksums and one off
calculations to be done.

    $crc = adler32($buffer [,$crc]) ;
    $crc = crc32($buffer [,$crc]) ;

The buffer parameters can either be a scalar or a scalar reference.

If the $crc parameters is C<undef>, the crc value will be reset.

=head1 FAQ

=head2 Compatibility with Unix compress/uncompress.

Although C<Compress::Zlib> has a pair of functions called C<compress>
and C<uncompress>, they are I<not> the same as the Unix programs of the
same name. The C<Compress::Zlib> library is not compatable with Unix
C<compress>.

If you have the C<uncompress> program available, you can use this to
read compressed files

    open F, "uncompress -c $filename |";
    while (<F>)
    {
        ...

If you have the C<gunzip> program available, you can use this to read
compressed files

    open F, "gunzip -c $filename |";
    while (<F>)
    {
        ...

and this to write compress files if you have the C<compress> program
available

    open F, "| compress -c $filename ";
    print F "data";
    ...
    close F ;

=head2 Accessing .tar.Z files

The C<Archive::Tar> module can optionally use C<Compress::Zlib> (via
the C<IO::Zlib> module) to access tar files that have been compressed
with C<gzip>. Unfortunately tar files compressed with the Unix C<compress>
utility cannot be read by C<Compress::Zlib> and so cannot be directly
accesses by C<Archive::Tar>.

If the C<uncompress> or C<gunzip> programs are available, you can use
one of these workarounds to read C<.tar.Z> files from C<Archive::Tar>

Firstly with C<uncompress>

    use strict;
    use warnings;
    use Archive::Tar;

    open F, "uncompress -c $filename |";
    my $tar = Archive::Tar->new(*F);
    ...

and this with C<gunzip>

    use strict;
    use warnings;
    use Archive::Tar;

    open F, "gunzip -c $filename |";
    my $tar = Archive::Tar->new(*F);
    ...

Similarly, if the C<compress> program is available, you can use this to
write a C<.tar.Z> file

    use strict;
    use warnings;
    use Archive::Tar;
    use IO::File;

    my $fh = newIO::File "| compress -c >$filename";
    my $tar = Archive::Tar->new();
    ...
    $tar->write($fh);
    $fh->close ;

=head2 Accessing ZIP Files

Although it is possible to use this module to access .zip files, there
is a module on CPAN that will do all the hard work for you. Check out

    http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/Archive/Archive-Zip-*.tar.gz    

Assuming you don't want to use this module to access zip files there
are a number of undocumented features in the zlib library you need to
be aware of.

=over 5

=item 1.

When calling B<inflateInit> or B<deflateInit> the B<WindowBits> parameter
must be set to C<-MAX_WBITS>. This disables the creation of the zlib
header.

=item 2.

The zlib function B<inflate>, and so the B<inflate> method supplied in
this module, assume that there is at least one trailing byte after the
compressed data stream. Normally this isn't a problem because both
the gzip and zip file formats will guarantee that there is data directly
after the compressed data stream.

=back

=head1 CONSTANTS

All the I<zlib> constants are automatically imported when you make use
of I<Compress::Zlib>.

=head1 AUTHOR

The I<Compress::Zlib> module was written by Paul Marquess,
F<pmqs@cpan.org>. The latest copy of the module can be
found on CPAN in F<modules/by-module/Compress/Compress-Zlib-x.x.tar.gz>.

The primary site for the I<zlib> compression library is
F<http://www.zlib.org>.

=head1 MODIFICATION HISTORY

See the Changes file.