Commit | Line | Data |
eae55d03 |
1 | |
8fde188e |
2 | This document is written in pod format hence there are punctuation |
eae55d03 |
3 | characters in odd places. Do not worry, you've apparently got |
8fde188e |
4 | the ASCII->EBCDIC translation worked out correctly. You can read |
5 | more about pod in pod/perlpod.pod or the short summary in the |
6 | INSTALL file. |
9d116dd7 |
7 | |
8fde188e |
8 | =head1 NAME |
9 | |
10 | README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390. |
11 | |
12 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
13 | |
14 | This document will help you Configure, build, test and install Perl |
15 | on OS/390 Unix System Services. |
16 | |
17 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
18 | |
eae55d03 |
19 | This is a fully ported Perl for OS/390 Version 2 Release 3, 5, 6, 7, |
20 | 8, and 9. It may work on other versions or releases, but those are |
21 | the ones we've tested it on. |
8fde188e |
22 | |
23 | You may need to carry out some system configuration tasks before |
eae55d03 |
24 | running the Configure script for Perl. |
8fde188e |
25 | |
26 | =head2 Unpacking |
9d116dd7 |
27 | |
28 | Gunzip/gzip for OS/390 is discussed at: |
29 | |
30 | http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/oe/bpxqp1.html |
31 | |
32 | to extract an ASCII tar archive on OS/390, try this: |
33 | |
34 | pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r < latest.tar |
35 | |
8fde188e |
36 | =head2 Setup and utilities |
37 | |
38 | Be sure that your yacc installation is in place including any necessary |
39 | parser template files. If you have not already done so then be sure to: |
40 | |
41 | cp /samples/yyparse.c /etc |
42 | |
43 | This may also be a good time to ensure that your /etc/protocol file |
44 | and either your /etc/resolv.conf or /etc/hosts files are in place. |
eae55d03 |
45 | The IBM document that described such USS system setup issues was |
46 | SC28-1890-07 "OS/390 UNIX System Services Planning", in particular |
47 | Chapter 6 on customizing the OE shell. |
8fde188e |
48 | |
eae55d03 |
49 | GNU make for OS/390, which is required for the build of perl (as well as |
50 | building CPAN modules and extensions), is available from: |
9d116dd7 |
51 | |
52 | http://www.mks.com/s390/gnu/index.htm |
53 | |
eae55d03 |
54 | Some people have reported encountering "Out of memory!" errors while |
55 | trying to build Perl using GNU make binaries. If you encounter such |
56 | trouble then try to download the source code kit and build GNU make |
57 | from source to eliminate any such trouble. You might also find GNU make |
58 | (as well as Perl and Apache) in the red-piece/book "Open Source Software |
59 | for OS/390 UNIX", SG24-5944-00 from IBM. |
60 | |
f2766b05 |
61 | You might also want to have GNU groff for OS/390 installed before |
62 | running the `make install` step for Perl. |
63 | |
eae55d03 |
64 | There is a syntax error in the /usr/include/sys/socket.h header file |
65 | that IBM supplies with USS V2R7, V2R8, and possibly V2R9. The problem with |
66 | the header file is that near the definition of the SO_REUSEPORT constant |
67 | there is a spurious extra '/' character outside of a comment like so: |
68 | |
69 | #define SO_REUSEPORT 0x0200 /* allow local address & port |
70 | reuse */ / |
71 | |
72 | You could edit that header yourself to remove that last '/', or you might |
73 | note that Language Environment (LE) APAR PQ39997 describes the problem |
74 | and PTF's UQ46272 and UQ46271 are the (R8 at least) fixes and apply them. |
75 | If left unattended that syntax error will turn up as an inability for Perl |
76 | to build its "Socket" extension. |
77 | |
78 | For successful testing you may need to turn on the sticky bit for your |
79 | world readable /tmp directory if you have not already done so (see man chmod). |
80 | |
8fde188e |
81 | =head2 Configure |
82 | |
83 | Once you've unpacked the distribution, run "sh Configure" (see INSTALL |
84 | for a full discussion of the Configure options). There is a "hints" file |
85 | for os390 that specifies the correct values for most things. Some things |
86 | to watch out for include: |
87 | |
88 | =over 4 |
89 | |
90 | =item * |
91 | |
eae55d03 |
92 | A message of the form: |
93 | |
94 | (I see you are using the Korn shell. Some ksh's blow up on Configure, |
95 | mainly on older exotic systems. If yours does, try the Bourne shell instead.) |
96 | |
97 | is nothing to worry about at all. |
98 | |
99 | =item * |
100 | |
8fde188e |
101 | Some of the parser default template files in /samples are needed in /etc. |
102 | In particular be sure that you at least copy /samples/yyparse.c to /etc |
eae55d03 |
103 | before running Perl's Configure. This step ensures successful extraction |
104 | of EBCDIC versions of parser files such as perly.c. This has to be done |
105 | before running Configure the first time. If you failed to do so then the |
106 | easiest way to re-Configure Perl is to delete your misconfigured build root |
107 | and re extract the source from the tar ball. If for some reason you do not |
108 | want to do that then, after ensuring that /etc/yyparse.c is properly in place |
109 | run the following commands from within the Perl build directory: |
110 | |
111 | rm -f y.tab.c y.tab.h |
112 | yacc -d perly.y |
113 | mv -f y.tab.c perly.c |
114 | chmod u+w perly.c |
115 | sed -e '/^#include "perl\.h"/a\ |
116 | \ |
117 | #define yydebug PL_yydebug\ |
118 | #define yynerrs PL_yynerrs\ |
119 | #define yyerrflag PL_yyerrflag\ |
120 | #define yychar PL_yychar\ |
121 | #define yyval PL_yyval\ |
122 | #define yylval PL_yylval' \ |
123 | -e '/YYSTYPE *yyval;/D' \ |
124 | -e '/YYSTYPE *yylval;/D' \ |
125 | -e '/int yychar,/,/yynerrs;/D' \ |
126 | -e 's/int yydebug = 0;/yydebug = 0;/' \ |
127 | -e 's/[^_]realloc(/PerlMem_realloc(/g' \ |
128 | -e 's/fprintf *( *stderr *,/PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,/g' \ |
129 | -e 's/y\.tab/perly/g' perly.c >perly.tmp |
130 | mv -f perly.tmp perly.c |
131 | mv -f y.tab.h perly.h |
132 | cd x2p |
133 | rm -f y.tab.c y.tab.h |
134 | yacc a2p.y |
135 | mv -f y.tab.c a2p.c |
136 | chmod u+w a2p.c |
137 | sed -e 's/fprintf *( *stderr *,/PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,/g' \ |
138 | -e 's/y\.tab/a2p/g' a2p.c >a2p.tmp |
139 | mv -f a2p.tmp a2p.c |
140 | mv -f y.tab.h a2p.h |
141 | cd .. |
142 | |
143 | There, easy huh? If you find typing all that in difficult then perhaps |
144 | you should reconsider the rm -rf of the perl build directory and |
145 | re extraction of the source tar ball. |
8fde188e |
146 | |
147 | =item * |
148 | |
f2766b05 |
149 | This port will support dynamic loading, but it is not selected by |
150 | default. If you would like to experiment with dynamic loading then |
151 | be sure to specify -Dusedl in the arguments to the Configure script. |
152 | See the comments in hints/os390.sh for more information on dynamic loading. |
153 | If you build with dynamic loading then you will need to add the |
154 | $archlibexp/CORE directory to your LIBPATH environment variable in order |
155 | for perl to work. See the config.sh file for the value of $archlibexp. |
8fde188e |
156 | |
157 | =item * |
9d116dd7 |
158 | |
eae55d03 |
159 | Do not turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There is |
8fde188e |
160 | a bug in either the optimizer or perl that causes perl to |
161 | not work correctly when the optimizer is on. |
9d116dd7 |
162 | |
8fde188e |
163 | =item * |
9d116dd7 |
164 | |
8fde188e |
165 | Some of the configuration files in /etc used by the |
166 | networking APIs are either missing or have the wrong |
167 | names. In particular, make sure that there's either |
eae55d03 |
168 | an /etc/resolv.conf or an /etc/hosts, so that |
8fde188e |
169 | gethostbyname() works, and make sure that the file |
170 | /etc/proto has been renamed to /etc/protocol (NOT |
171 | /etc/protocols, as used by other Unix systems). |
9d116dd7 |
172 | |
8fde188e |
173 | =back |
174 | |
175 | =head2 Build, test, install |
176 | |
177 | Simply put: |
178 | |
179 | sh Configure |
180 | make |
181 | make test |
182 | |
eae55d03 |
183 | if everything looks ok (see the next section for test/IVP diagnosis) then: |
8fde188e |
184 | |
185 | make install |
186 | |
187 | this last step may or may not require UID=0 privileges depending |
188 | on how you answered the questions that Configure asked and whether |
189 | or not you have write access to the directories you specified. |
190 | |
eae55d03 |
191 | =head2 build anomalies |
192 | |
193 | "Out of memory!" messages during the build of Perl are most often fixed |
194 | by re building the GNU make utility for OS/390 from a source code kit. |
195 | |
196 | Another memory limiting item to check is your MAXASSIZE parameter in your |
197 | 'SYS1.PARMLIB(BPXPRMxx)' data set (note too that as of V2R8 address space |
198 | limits can be set on a per user ID basis in the USS segment of a RACF |
199 | profile). People have reported successful builds of Perl with MAXASSIZE |
200 | parameters as small as 503316480 (and it may be possible to build Perl |
201 | with a MAXASSIZE smaller than that). |
202 | |
203 | Within USS your /etc/profile or $HOME/.profile may limit your ulimit |
204 | settings. Check that the following command returns reasonable values: |
205 | |
206 | ulimit -a |
207 | |
208 | To conserve memory you should have your compiler modules loaded into the |
209 | Link Pack Area (LPA/ELPA) rather than in a link list or step lib. |
210 | |
211 | If the c89 compiler complains of syntax errors during the build of the |
212 | Socket extension then be sure to fix the syntax error in the system |
213 | header /usr/include/sys/socket.h. |
214 | |
215 | =head2 testing anomalies |
216 | |
217 | The `make test` step runs a Perl Verification Procedure, usually before |
218 | installation. You might encounter STDERR messages even during a successful |
219 | run of `make test`. Here is a guide to some of the more commonly seen |
220 | anomalies: |
221 | |
222 | =over 4 |
223 | |
224 | =item * |
225 | |
226 | A message of the form: |
227 | |
228 | comp/cpp.............ERROR CBC3191 ./.301989890.c:1 The character $ is not a |
229 | valid C source character. |
230 | FSUM3065 The COMPILE step ended with return code 12. |
231 | FSUM3017 Could not compile .301989890.c. Correct the errors and try again. |
232 | ok |
233 | |
234 | indicates that the t/comp/cpp.t test of Perl's -P command line switch has |
235 | passed but that the particular invocation of c89 -E in the cpp script does |
236 | not suppress the C compiler check of source code validity. |
237 | |
238 | =item * |
239 | |
240 | A message of the form: |
241 | |
242 | io/openpid...........CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. |
243 | CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. |
244 | CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. |
245 | ok |
246 | |
247 | indicates that the t/io/openpid.t test of Perl has passed but done so |
248 | with extraneous messages on stderr from CEE. |
249 | |
250 | =item * |
251 | |
252 | A message of the form: |
253 | |
254 | lib/ftmp-security....File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe |
255 | (sticky bit not set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100 |
256 | File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe (sticky bit not |
257 | set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100 |
258 | ok |
259 | |
260 | indicates a problem with the permissions on your /tmp directory within the HFS. |
261 | To correct that problem issue the command: |
262 | |
263 | chmod a+t /tmp |
264 | |
265 | from an account with write access to the directory entry for /tmp. |
266 | |
267 | =back |
268 | |
f2766b05 |
269 | =head2 installation anomalies |
270 | |
271 | The installman script will try to run on OS/390. There will be fewer errors |
272 | if you have a roff utility installed. You can obtain GNU groff from the |
273 | Redbook SG24-5944-00 ftp site. |
274 | |
8fde188e |
275 | =head2 Usage Hints |
64d55c8a |
276 | |
9d116dd7 |
277 | When using perl on OS/390 please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII |
eae55d03 |
278 | character sets are different. See perlebcdic.pod for more on such character |
279 | set issues. Perl builtin functions that may behave differently under |
280 | EBCDIC are also mentioned in the perlport.pod document. |
9d116dd7 |
281 | |
eae55d03 |
282 | Open Edition (UNIX System Services) from V2R8 onward does support |
283 | #!/path/to/perl script invocation. There is a PTF available from |
284 | IBM for V2R7 that will allow shell/kernel support for #!. USS |
285 | releases prior to V2R7 did not support the #! means of script invocation. |
286 | If you are running V2R6 or earlier then see: |
9d116dd7 |
287 | |
288 | head `whence perldoc` |
289 | |
290 | for an example of how to use the "eval exec" trick to ask the shell to |
eae55d03 |
291 | have Perl run your scripts on those older releases of Unix System Services. |
292 | |
35a77668 |
293 | =head2 Floating point anomalies |
294 | |
295 | There appears to be a bug in the floating point implementation on S/390 |
296 | systems such that calling int() on the product of a number and a small |
297 | magnitude number is not the same as calling int() on the quotient of |
298 | that number and a large magnitude number. For example, in the following |
299 | Perl code: |
300 | |
301 | my $x = 100000.0; |
302 | my $y = int($x * 1e-5) * 1e5; # '0' |
303 | my $z = int($x / 1e+5) * 1e5; # '100000' |
304 | print "\$y is $y and \$z is $z\n"; # $y is 0 and $z is 100000 |
305 | |
306 | Although one would expect the quantities $y and $z to be the same and equal |
307 | to 100000 they will differ and instead will be 0 and 100000 respectively. |
308 | |
309 | The problem can be further examined in a roughly equivalent C program: |
310 | |
311 | #include <stdio.h> |
312 | #include <math.h> |
313 | main() |
314 | { |
315 | double r1,r2; |
316 | double x = 100000.0; |
317 | double y = 0.0; |
318 | double z = 0.0; |
319 | x = 100000.0 * 1e-5; |
320 | r1 = modf (x,&y); |
321 | x = 100000.0 / 1e+5; |
322 | r2 = modf (x,&z); |
323 | printf("y is %e and z is %e\n",y*1e5,z*1e5); |
324 | /* y is 0.000000e+00 and z is 1.000000e+05 (with c89) */ |
325 | } |
326 | |
eae55d03 |
327 | =head2 Modules and Extensions |
328 | |
329 | Pure pure (that is non xs) modules may be installed via the usual: |
330 | |
331 | perl Makefile.PL |
332 | make |
333 | make test |
334 | make install |
335 | |
f2766b05 |
336 | If you built perl with dynamic loading capability then that would also |
337 | be the way to build xs based extensions. However, if you built perl with |
338 | the default static linking you can still build xs based extensions for OS/390 |
339 | but you will need to follow the instructions in ExtUtils::MakeMaker for building |
eae55d03 |
340 | statically linked perl binaries. In the simplest configurations building |
341 | a static perl + xs extension boils down to: |
9d116dd7 |
342 | |
eae55d03 |
343 | perl Makefile.PL |
344 | make |
345 | make perl |
346 | make test |
347 | make install |
348 | make -f Makefile.aperl inst_perl MAP_TARGET=perl |
8fde188e |
349 | |
eae55d03 |
350 | In most cases people have reported better results with GNU make rather |
351 | than the system's /bin/make program, whether for plain modules or for |
352 | xs based extensions. |
8fde188e |
353 | |
f2766b05 |
354 | If the make process encounters trouble with either compilation or |
355 | linking then try setting the _C89_CCMODE to 1. Assuming sh is your |
356 | login shell then run: |
357 | |
358 | export _C89_CCMODE=1 |
359 | |
360 | If tcsh is your login shell then use the setenv command. |
361 | |
8fde188e |
362 | =head1 AUTHORS |
363 | |
eae55d03 |
364 | David Fiander and Peter Prymmer with thanks to Dennis Longnecker |
365 | and William Raffloer for valuable reports, LPAR and PTF feedback. |
366 | Thanks to Mike MacIsaac and Egon Terwedow for SG24-5944-00. |
35a77668 |
367 | Thanks to Ignasi Roca for pointing out the floating point problems. |
f2766b05 |
368 | Thanks to John Goodyear for dynamic loading help. |
8fde188e |
369 | |
370 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
371 | |
eae55d03 |
372 | L<INSTALL>, L<perlport>, L<perlebcdic>, L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>. |
373 | |
374 | http://www.mks.com/s390/gnu/index.htm |
375 | |
376 | http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg245944.html |
377 | |
378 | http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/oe/bpxa1ty1.html#opensrc |
379 | |
380 | http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/oe/portbk/bpxacenv.html |
381 | |
382 | http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/ |
8fde188e |
383 | |
384 | =head2 Mailing list |
385 | |
386 | The Perl Institute (http://www.perl.org/) maintains a perl-mvs |
387 | mailing list of interest to all folks building and/or |
eae55d03 |
388 | using perl on all EBCDIC platforms (not just OS/390). |
389 | To subscribe, send a message of: |
9d116dd7 |
390 | |
391 | subscribe perl-mvs |
392 | |
35a77668 |
393 | to majordomo@perl.org. See also: |
394 | |
395 | http://lists.perl.org/showlist.cgi?name=perl-mvs |
396 | |
397 | There are web archives of the mailing list at: |
eae55d03 |
398 | |
399 | http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/ |
35a77668 |
400 | http://archive.develooper.com/perl-mvs@perl.org/ |
9d116dd7 |
401 | |
8fde188e |
402 | =head1 HISTORY |
403 | |
404 | This document was originally written by David Fiander for the 5.005 |
405 | release of Perl. |
406 | |
eae55d03 |
407 | This document was podified for the 5.005_03 release of Perl 11 March 1999. |
408 | |
409 | Updated 12 November 2000 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl. |
8fde188e |
410 | |
35a77668 |
411 | Updated 15 January 2001 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl. |
412 | |
f2766b05 |
413 | Updated 24 January 2001 to mention dynamic loading. |
414 | |
8fde188e |
415 | =cut |
eae55d03 |
416 | |