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1 | This document is written in pod format hence there are punctuation |
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2 | characters in odd places. Do not worry, you've apparently got the |
3 | ASCII->EBCDIC translation worked out correctly. You can read more |
4 | about pod in pod/perlpod.pod or the short summary in the INSTALL file. |
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5 | |
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6 | =head1 NAME |
7 | |
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8 | README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and z/OS |
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9 | |
10 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
11 | |
12 | This document will help you Configure, build, test and install Perl |
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13 | on OS/390 (aka z/OS) Unix System Services. |
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14 | |
15 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
16 | |
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17 | This is a fully ported Perl for OS/390 Version 2 Release 3, 5, 6, 7, |
18 | 8, and 9. It may work on other versions or releases, but those are |
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19 | the ones we've tested it on. |
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20 | |
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21 | You may need to carry out some system configuration tasks before |
22 | running the Configure script for Perl. |
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23 | |
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24 | |
25 | =head2 Tools |
26 | |
27 | The z/OS Unix Tools and Toys list may prove helpful and contains links |
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28 | to ports of much of the software helpful for building Perl. |
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29 | http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html |
30 | |
31 | |
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32 | =head2 Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390 |
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33 | |
34 | Gunzip/gzip for OS/390 is discussed at: |
35 | |
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36 | http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/faq/bpxqp1.html |
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37 | |
38 | to extract an ASCII tar archive on OS/390, try this: |
39 | |
40 | pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r < latest.tar |
41 | |
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42 | =head2 Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390 |
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43 | |
44 | Be sure that your yacc installation is in place including any necessary |
45 | parser template files. If you have not already done so then be sure to: |
46 | |
47 | cp /samples/yyparse.c /etc |
48 | |
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49 | This may also be a good time to ensure that your /etc/protocol file |
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50 | and either your /etc/resolv.conf or /etc/hosts files are in place. |
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51 | The IBM document that described such USS system setup issues was |
52 | SC28-1890-07 "OS/390 UNIX System Services Planning", in particular |
53 | Chapter 6 on customizing the OE shell. |
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54 | |
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55 | GNU make for OS/390, which is recommended for the build of perl (as |
56 | well as building CPAN modules and extensions), is available from the |
57 | L</Tools>. |
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58 | |
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59 | Some people have reported encountering "Out of memory!" errors while |
60 | trying to build Perl using GNU make binaries. If you encounter such |
61 | trouble then try to download the source code kit and build GNU make |
62 | from source to eliminate any such trouble. You might also find GNU make |
63 | (as well as Perl and Apache) in the red-piece/book "Open Source Software |
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64 | for OS/390 UNIX", SG24-5944-00 from IBM. |
65 | |
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66 | If instead of the recommended GNU make you would like to use the system |
67 | supplied make program then be sure to install the default rules file |
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68 | properly via the shell command: |
69 | |
70 | cp /samples/startup.mk /etc |
71 | |
72 | and be sure to also set the environment variable _C89_CCMODE=1 (exporting |
73 | _C89_CCMODE=1 is also a good idea for users of GNU make). |
74 | |
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75 | You might also want to have GNU groff for OS/390 installed before |
76 | running the `make install` step for Perl. |
77 | |
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78 | There is a syntax error in the /usr/include/sys/socket.h header file |
79 | that IBM supplies with USS V2R7, V2R8, and possibly V2R9. The problem with |
80 | the header file is that near the definition of the SO_REUSEPORT constant |
81 | there is a spurious extra '/' character outside of a comment like so: |
82 | |
83 | #define SO_REUSEPORT 0x0200 /* allow local address & port |
84 | reuse */ / |
85 | |
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86 | You could edit that header yourself to remove that last '/', or you might |
87 | note that Language Environment (LE) APAR PQ39997 describes the problem |
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88 | and PTF's UQ46272 and UQ46271 are the (R8 at least) fixes and apply them. |
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89 | If left unattended that syntax error will turn up as an inability for Perl |
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90 | to build its "Socket" extension. |
91 | |
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92 | For successful testing you may need to turn on the sticky bit for your |
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93 | world readable /tmp directory if you have not already done so (see man chmod). |
94 | |
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95 | =head2 Configure Perl on OS/390 |
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96 | |
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97 | Once you've unpacked the distribution, run "sh Configure" (see INSTALL |
98 | for a full discussion of the Configure options). There is a "hints" file |
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99 | for os390 that specifies the correct values for most things. Some things |
100 | to watch out for include: |
101 | |
102 | =over 4 |
103 | |
104 | =item * |
105 | |
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106 | A message of the form: |
107 | |
108 | (I see you are using the Korn shell. Some ksh's blow up on Configure, |
109 | mainly on older exotic systems. If yours does, try the Bourne shell instead.) |
110 | |
111 | is nothing to worry about at all. |
112 | |
113 | =item * |
114 | |
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115 | Some of the parser default template files in /samples are needed in /etc. |
116 | In particular be sure that you at least copy /samples/yyparse.c to /etc |
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117 | before running Perl's Configure. This step ensures successful extraction |
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118 | of EBCDIC versions of parser files such as perly.c, perly.h, and x2p/a2p.c. |
119 | This has to be done before running Configure the first time. If you failed |
120 | to do so then the easiest way to re-Configure Perl is to delete your |
121 | misconfigured build root and re-extract the source from the tar ball. |
122 | Then you must ensure that /etc/yyparse.c is properly in place before |
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123 | attempting to re-run Configure. |
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124 | |
125 | =item * |
126 | |
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127 | This port will support dynamic loading, but it is not selected by |
128 | default. If you would like to experiment with dynamic loading then |
129 | be sure to specify -Dusedl in the arguments to the Configure script. |
130 | See the comments in hints/os390.sh for more information on dynamic loading. |
131 | If you build with dynamic loading then you will need to add the |
132 | $archlibexp/CORE directory to your LIBPATH environment variable in order |
133 | for perl to work. See the config.sh file for the value of $archlibexp. |
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134 | If in trying to use Perl you see an error message similar to: |
135 | |
136 | CEE3501S The module libperl.dll was not found. |
137 | From entry point __dllstaticinit at compile unit offset +00000194 at |
138 | |
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139 | then your LIBPATH does not have the location of libperl.x and either |
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140 | libperl.dll or libperl.so in it. Add that directory to your LIBPATH and |
141 | proceed. |
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142 | |
143 | =item * |
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144 | |
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145 | Do not turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There is |
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146 | a bug in either the optimizer or perl that causes perl to |
147 | not work correctly when the optimizer is on. |
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148 | |
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149 | =item * |
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150 | |
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151 | Some of the configuration files in /etc used by the |
152 | networking APIs are either missing or have the wrong |
153 | names. In particular, make sure that there's either |
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154 | an /etc/resolv.conf or an /etc/hosts, so that |
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155 | gethostbyname() works, and make sure that the file |
156 | /etc/proto has been renamed to /etc/protocol (NOT |
157 | /etc/protocols, as used by other Unix systems). |
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158 | You may have to look for things like HOSTNAME and DOMAINORIGIN |
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159 | in the "//'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'" PDS member in order to |
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160 | properly set up your /etc networking files. |
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161 | |
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162 | =back |
163 | |
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164 | =head2 Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390 |
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165 | |
166 | Simply put: |
167 | |
168 | sh Configure |
169 | make |
170 | make test |
171 | |
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172 | if everything looks ok (see the next section for test/IVP diagnosis) then: |
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173 | |
174 | make install |
175 | |
176 | this last step may or may not require UID=0 privileges depending |
177 | on how you answered the questions that Configure asked and whether |
178 | or not you have write access to the directories you specified. |
179 | |
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180 | =head2 Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 |
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181 | |
182 | "Out of memory!" messages during the build of Perl are most often fixed |
183 | by re building the GNU make utility for OS/390 from a source code kit. |
184 | |
185 | Another memory limiting item to check is your MAXASSIZE parameter in your |
186 | 'SYS1.PARMLIB(BPXPRMxx)' data set (note too that as of V2R8 address space |
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187 | limits can be set on a per user ID basis in the USS segment of a RACF |
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188 | profile). People have reported successful builds of Perl with MAXASSIZE |
189 | parameters as small as 503316480 (and it may be possible to build Perl |
190 | with a MAXASSIZE smaller than that). |
191 | |
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192 | Within USS your /etc/profile or $HOME/.profile may limit your ulimit |
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193 | settings. Check that the following command returns reasonable values: |
194 | |
195 | ulimit -a |
196 | |
197 | To conserve memory you should have your compiler modules loaded into the |
198 | Link Pack Area (LPA/ELPA) rather than in a link list or step lib. |
199 | |
200 | If the c89 compiler complains of syntax errors during the build of the |
201 | Socket extension then be sure to fix the syntax error in the system |
202 | header /usr/include/sys/socket.h. |
203 | |
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204 | =head2 Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 |
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205 | |
206 | The `make test` step runs a Perl Verification Procedure, usually before |
207 | installation. You might encounter STDERR messages even during a successful |
208 | run of `make test`. Here is a guide to some of the more commonly seen |
209 | anomalies: |
210 | |
211 | =over 4 |
212 | |
213 | =item * |
214 | |
215 | A message of the form: |
216 | |
217 | comp/cpp.............ERROR CBC3191 ./.301989890.c:1 The character $ is not a |
218 | valid C source character. |
219 | FSUM3065 The COMPILE step ended with return code 12. |
220 | FSUM3017 Could not compile .301989890.c. Correct the errors and try again. |
221 | ok |
222 | |
223 | indicates that the t/comp/cpp.t test of Perl's -P command line switch has |
224 | passed but that the particular invocation of c89 -E in the cpp script does |
225 | not suppress the C compiler check of source code validity. |
226 | |
227 | =item * |
228 | |
229 | A message of the form: |
230 | |
231 | io/openpid...........CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. |
232 | CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. |
233 | CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. |
234 | ok |
235 | |
236 | indicates that the t/io/openpid.t test of Perl has passed but done so |
237 | with extraneous messages on stderr from CEE. |
238 | |
239 | =item * |
240 | |
241 | A message of the form: |
242 | |
243 | lib/ftmp-security....File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe |
244 | (sticky bit not set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100 |
245 | File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe (sticky bit not |
246 | set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100 |
247 | ok |
248 | |
249 | indicates a problem with the permissions on your /tmp directory within the HFS. |
250 | To correct that problem issue the command: |
251 | |
252 | chmod a+t /tmp |
253 | |
254 | from an account with write access to the directory entry for /tmp. |
255 | |
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256 | =item * |
257 | |
258 | Out of Memory! |
259 | |
260 | Recent perl test suite is quite memory hunrgy. In addition to the comments |
261 | above on memory limitations it is also worth checking for _CEE_RUNOPTS |
262 | in your environment. Perl now has (in miniperlmain.c) a C #pragma |
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263 | to set CEE run options, but the environment variable wins. |
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264 | |
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265 | The C code asks for: |
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266 | |
267 | #pragma runopts(HEAP(2M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K) STACK(,,ANY,) ALL31(ON)) |
268 | |
269 | The important parts of that are the second argument (the increment) to HEAP, |
270 | and allowing the stack to be "Above the (16M) line". If the heap |
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271 | increment is too small then when perl (for example loading unicode/Name.pl) tries |
272 | to create a "big" (400K+) string it cannot fit in a single segment |
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273 | and you get "Out of Memory!" - even if there is still plenty of memory |
274 | available. |
275 | |
276 | A related issue is use with perl's malloc. Perl's malloc uses C<sbrk()> |
277 | to get memory, and C<sbrk()> is limited to the first allocation so in this |
278 | case something like: |
279 | |
280 | HEAP(8M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K) |
281 | |
282 | is needed to get through the test suite. |
283 | |
284 | |
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285 | =back |
286 | |
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287 | =head2 Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 |
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288 | |
289 | The installman script will try to run on OS/390. There will be fewer errors |
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290 | if you have a roff utility installed. You can obtain GNU groff from the |
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291 | Redbook SG24-5944-00 ftp site. |
292 | |
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293 | =head2 Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390 |
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294 | |
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295 | When using perl on OS/390 please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII |
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296 | character sets are different. See perlebcdic.pod for more on such character |
297 | set issues. Perl builtin functions that may behave differently under |
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298 | EBCDIC are also mentioned in the perlport.pod document. |
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299 | |
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300 | Open Edition (UNIX System Services) from V2R8 onward does support |
301 | #!/path/to/perl script invocation. There is a PTF available from |
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302 | IBM for V2R7 that will allow shell/kernel support for #!. USS |
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303 | releases prior to V2R7 did not support the #! means of script invocation. |
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304 | If you are running V2R6 or earlier then see: |
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305 | |
306 | head `whence perldoc` |
307 | |
308 | for an example of how to use the "eval exec" trick to ask the shell to |
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309 | have Perl run your scripts on those older releases of Unix System Services. |
310 | |
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311 | If you are having trouble with square brackets then consider switching your |
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312 | rlogin or telnet client. Try to avoid older 3270 emulators and ISHELL for |
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313 | working with Perl on USS. |
314 | |
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315 | =head2 Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 |
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316 | |
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317 | There appears to be a bug in the floating point implementation on S/390 |
318 | systems such that calling int() on the product of a number and a small |
319 | magnitude number is not the same as calling int() on the quotient of |
320 | that number and a large magnitude number. For example, in the following |
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321 | Perl code: |
322 | |
323 | my $x = 100000.0; |
324 | my $y = int($x * 1e-5) * 1e5; # '0' |
325 | my $z = int($x / 1e+5) * 1e5; # '100000' |
326 | print "\$y is $y and \$z is $z\n"; # $y is 0 and $z is 100000 |
327 | |
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328 | Although one would expect the quantities $y and $z to be the same and equal |
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329 | to 100000 they will differ and instead will be 0 and 100000 respectively. |
330 | |
331 | The problem can be further examined in a roughly equivalent C program: |
332 | |
333 | #include <stdio.h> |
334 | #include <math.h> |
335 | main() |
336 | { |
337 | double r1,r2; |
338 | double x = 100000.0; |
339 | double y = 0.0; |
340 | double z = 0.0; |
341 | x = 100000.0 * 1e-5; |
342 | r1 = modf (x,&y); |
343 | x = 100000.0 / 1e+5; |
344 | r2 = modf (x,&z); |
345 | printf("y is %e and z is %e\n",y*1e5,z*1e5); |
346 | /* y is 0.000000e+00 and z is 1.000000e+05 (with c89) */ |
347 | } |
348 | |
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349 | =head2 Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390 |
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350 | |
351 | Pure pure (that is non xs) modules may be installed via the usual: |
352 | |
353 | perl Makefile.PL |
354 | make |
355 | make test |
356 | make install |
357 | |
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358 | If you built perl with dynamic loading capability then that would also |
359 | be the way to build xs based extensions. However, if you built perl with |
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360 | the default static linking you can still build xs based extensions for OS/390 |
361 | but you will need to follow the instructions in ExtUtils::MakeMaker for |
362 | building statically linked perl binaries. In the simplest configurations |
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363 | building a static perl + xs extension boils down to: |
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364 | |
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365 | perl Makefile.PL |
366 | make |
367 | make perl |
368 | make test |
369 | make install |
370 | make -f Makefile.aperl inst_perl MAP_TARGET=perl |
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371 | |
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372 | In most cases people have reported better results with GNU make rather |
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373 | than the system's /bin/make program, whether for plain modules or for |
374 | xs based extensions. |
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375 | |
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376 | If the make process encounters trouble with either compilation or |
377 | linking then try setting the _C89_CCMODE to 1. Assuming sh is your |
378 | login shell then run: |
379 | |
380 | export _C89_CCMODE=1 |
381 | |
382 | If tcsh is your login shell then use the setenv command. |
383 | |
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384 | =head1 AUTHORS |
385 | |
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386 | David Fiander and Peter Prymmer with thanks to Dennis Longnecker |
387 | and William Raffloer for valuable reports, LPAR and PTF feedback. |
388 | Thanks to Mike MacIsaac and Egon Terwedow for SG24-5944-00. |
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389 | Thanks to Ignasi Roca for pointing out the floating point problems. |
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390 | Thanks to John Goodyear for dynamic loading help. |
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391 | |
392 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
393 | |
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394 | L<INSTALL>, L<perlport>, L<perlebcdic>, L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>. |
395 | |
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396 | http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html |
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397 | |
398 | http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg245944.html |
399 | |
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400 | http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html#opensrc |
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401 | |
402 | http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/ |
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403 | |
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404 | http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/ceea3030/ |
405 | |
406 | http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/CBCUG030/ |
407 | |
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408 | =head2 Mailing list for Perl on OS/390 |
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409 | |
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410 | The Perl Institute (http://www.perl.org/) maintains a perl-mvs |
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411 | mailing list of interest to all folks building and/or |
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412 | using perl on all EBCDIC platforms (not just OS/390). |
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413 | To subscribe, send a message of: |
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414 | |
415 | subscribe perl-mvs |
416 | |
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417 | to majordomo@perl.org. See also: |
418 | |
419 | http://lists.perl.org/showlist.cgi?name=perl-mvs |
420 | |
421 | There are web archives of the mailing list at: |
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422 | |
423 | http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/ |
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424 | http://archive.develooper.com/perl-mvs@perl.org/ |
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425 | |
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426 | =head1 HISTORY |
427 | |
428 | This document was originally written by David Fiander for the 5.005 |
429 | release of Perl. |
430 | |
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431 | This document was podified for the 5.005_03 release of Perl 11 March 1999. |
432 | |
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433 | Updated 28 November 2001 for broken URLs. |
434 | |
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435 | Updated 12 November 2000 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl. |
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436 | |
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437 | Updated 15 January 2001 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl. |
438 | |
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439 | Updated 24 January 2001 to mention dynamic loading. |
440 | |
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441 | Updated 12 March 2001 to mention //'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'. |
442 | |
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443 | =cut |
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444 | |