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1 | If you read this file _as_is_, just ignore the funny characters you see. |
2 | It is written in the POD format (see pod/perlpod.pod) which is specially |
3 | designed to be readable as is. |
4 | |
5 | =head1 NAME |
6 | |
7 | README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems |
8 | |
9 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
10 | |
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11 | This document describes various features of IBM's Unix operating |
12 | system (AIX) that will affect how Perl version 5 (hereafter just Perl) |
13 | is compiled and/or runs. |
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14 | |
15 | =head2 Compiling Perl 5 on AIX |
16 | |
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17 | For information on compilers on older versions of AIX, see L<Compiling |
18 | Perl 5 on older AIX>. |
19 | |
20 | When compiling Perl, you must use an ANSI C compiler. AIX does not ship |
21 | an ANSI compliant C-compiler with AIX by default, but binary builds of |
22 | gcc for AIX are widely available. |
23 | |
24 | =head2 Supported Compilers |
25 | |
26 | Currently all versions of IBM's "xlc", "xlc_r", "cc", "cc_r" or |
27 | "vac" ANSI/C compiler will work for building perl if that compiler |
28 | works on your system. |
29 | |
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30 | If you plan to link perl to any module that requires thread-support, |
31 | like DBD::Oracle, it is better to use the _r version of the compiler. |
32 | This will not build a threaded perl, but a thread-enabled perl. See |
33 | also L<Threaded perl> later on. |
34 | |
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35 | As of writing (2008-11) only the IBM XL C for AIX or XL C/C++ for AIX |
36 | compiler is supported by IBM on AIX 5L/6.1. |
37 | |
38 | The following compiler versions are supported by IBM: |
39 | |
40 | XL C and XL C/C++ V7, V8, V9, V10 |
41 | |
42 | The XL C for AIX is integrated in the XL C/C++ for AIX compiler. |
43 | |
fe5460cc |
44 | If you choose XL C/C++ V9 you need APAR IZ35785 installed |
45 | otherwise the integrated SDBM_File do not compile correctly due |
46 | to an optimization bug. You can circumvent this problem by |
47 | adding -qipa to the optimization flags (-Doptimize='-O -qipa'). |
48 | The PTF for APAR IZ35785 which solves this problem will be available |
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49 | in 1Q 2009. IBM does provide an emergency fix for this problem. |
50 | |
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51 | Perl can be compiled with either IBM's ANSI C compiler or with gcc. |
52 | The former is recommended, as not only it can compile Perl with no |
53 | difficulty, but also can take advantage of features listed later |
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54 | that require the use of IBM compiler-specific command-line flags. |
55 | |
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56 | If you decide to use gcc, make sure your installation is recent and |
57 | complete, and be sure to read the Perl INSTALL file for more gcc-specific |
58 | details. Please report any hoops you had to jump through to the |
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59 | development team. |
60 | |
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61 | =head2 Perl 5.8.9 was successfully compiled and tested on: |
62 | |
63 | AIX Level | Compiler Level | w th | w/o th |
64 | --------------------------+-------------------------+------+------- |
65 | 5.1 TL9 32 bit | XL C/C++ V7 | OK | OK |
66 | 5.1 TL9 32 bit | gcc 3.2.2 | OK | OK |
67 | 5.1 TL9 64 bit | XL C/C++ V7 | OK | OK |
68 | 5.2 TL10 32 bit | XL C/C++ V8 | OK | OK |
69 | 5.2 TL10 64 bit | XL C/C++ V8 | OK | OK |
70 | 5.3 TL7 32 bit | XL C/C++ V9 + IZ35785 | OK | OK |
71 | 5.3 TL7 32 bit | gcc 4.2.4 | OK | OK |
72 | 5.3 TL7 64 bit | XL C/C++ V9 + IZ35785 | OK | OK |
73 | 6.1 TL1 32 bit | XL C/C++ V10 | OK | OK |
74 | 6.1 TL1 64 bit + IZ39077 | XL C/C++ V10 | OK | OK |
75 | |
76 | w th = with thread |
77 | w/o th = without thread |
78 | |
79 | Successfully tested means that all make test runs with an result of 100% OK. |
80 | All tests were conducted with -Duseshrplib set. |
81 | |
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82 | =head2 Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX |
83 | |
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84 | Starting from Perl 5.7.2 (and consequently 5.8.x / 5.10.x) and AIX 4.3 |
85 | or newer Perl uses the AIX native dynamic loading interface in the so |
86 | called runtime linking mode instead of the emulated interface that was |
87 | used in Perl releases 5.6.1 and earlier or, for AIX releases 4.2 and |
88 | earlier. This change does break backward compatibility with compiled |
89 | modules from earlier Perl releases. The change was made to make Perl |
90 | more compliant with other applications like Apache/mod_perl which are |
91 | using the AIX native interface. This change also enables the use of |
92 | C++ code with static constructors and destructors in Perl extensions, |
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93 | which was not possible using the emulated interface. |
94 | |
95 | It is highly recommended to use the new interface. |
96 | |
97 | =head2 Using Large Files with Perl |
98 | |
99 | Should yield no problems. |
100 | |
101 | =head2 Threaded Perl |
102 | |
103 | Should yield no problems with AIX 5.2 / 5.3 and 6.1. |
104 | |
105 | IBM uses the AIX system Perl (V5.8.2 as of writing) for some AIX |
106 | system scripts. If you switches the links in /usr/bin from the |
107 | AIX system Perl (/usr/opt/perl5) to the newly build Perl then you |
108 | get the same features as with the IBM AIX system Perl if the |
109 | threaded options are used. |
110 | |
111 | =head2 64-bit Perl |
112 | |
113 | If your AIX system is installed with 64-bit support, you can expect 64-bit |
114 | configurations to work. If you want to use 64-bit Perl on AIX 6.1 |
115 | you need a APAR for a libc.a bug which affects (n)dbm_XXX functions. |
116 | The APAR number for this problem is currently not yet available. If |
117 | the fileset bos.rte.libc is at level 6.1.1.2 or lower then the problem |
118 | is no fixed on your system. |
119 | |
120 | If you need more memory (larger data segment) for your Perl programs you |
121 | can set: |
122 | |
123 | /etc/security/limits |
124 | default: (or your user) |
125 | data = -1 (default is 262144 * 512 byte) |
126 | |
127 | With the default setting the size is limited to 128MB. |
128 | The -1 removes this limit. |
129 | |
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130 | =head2 Recommended Options AIX 5.1/5.2/5.3 and 6.1 (threaded/32-bit) |
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131 | |
132 | With the following options you get a threaded Perl version which |
133 | passes all make tests in threaded 32-bit mode, which is the default |
134 | configuration for the perl builds that AIX ships with. |
135 | |
136 | rm config.sh |
137 | ./Configure \ |
138 | -d \ |
139 | -Dcc=cc_r \ |
140 | -Duseshrplib \ |
141 | -Dusethreads \ |
142 | -Dprefix=/usr/opt/perl5_32 |
143 | |
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144 | The -Dprefix option will install Perl in a directory parallel to the |
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145 | IBM AIX system Perl installation. |
146 | |
147 | =head2 Recommended Options AIX 5.1/5.2/5.3 and 6.1 (32-bit) |
148 | |
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149 | With the following options you get a Perl version which passes |
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150 | all make tests in 32-bit mode. |
151 | |
152 | rm config.sh |
153 | ./Configure \ |
154 | -d \ |
155 | -Dcc=cc_r \ |
156 | -Duseshrplib \ |
157 | -Dprefix=/usr/opt/perl5_32 |
158 | |
159 | The -Dprefix option will install Perl in a directory parallel to the |
160 | IBM AIX system Perl installation. |
161 | |
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162 | =head2 Recommended Options AIX 5.1/5.2/5.3 and 6.1 (threaded/64-bit) |
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163 | |
164 | With the following options you get a threaded Perl version which |
165 | passes all make tests in 64-bit mode. |
166 | |
167 | export OBJECT_MODE=64 / setenv OBJECT_MODE 64 (depending on your shell) |
168 | |
169 | rm config.sh |
170 | ./Configure \ |
171 | -d \ |
172 | -Dcc=cc_r \ |
173 | -Duseshrplib \ |
174 | -Dusethreads \ |
175 | -Duse64bitall \ |
176 | -Dprefix=/usr/opt/perl5_64 |
177 | |
178 | =head2 Recommended Options AIX 5.1/5.2/5.3 and 6.1(64-bit) |
179 | |
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180 | With the following options you get a Perl version which passes all |
181 | make tests in 64-bit mode. |
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182 | |
183 | export OBJECT_MODE=64 / setenv OBJECT_MODE 64 (depending on your shell) |
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184 | |
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185 | rm config.sh |
186 | ./Configure \ |
187 | -d \ |
188 | -Dcc=cc_r \ |
189 | -Duseshrplib \ |
190 | -Duse64bitall \ |
191 | -Dprefix=/usr/opt/perl5_64 |
192 | |
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193 | The -Dprefix option will install Perl in a directory parallel to the |
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194 | IBM AIX system Perl installation. |
195 | |
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196 | If you choose gcc to compile 64-bit Perl then you need to use the |
197 | following options: |
198 | |
199 | -Dcc='gcc -maix64' |
200 | |
201 | |
202 | =head2 Compiling Perl 5 on older AIX versions up to 4.3.3 |
203 | |
204 | Due to the fact that AIX 4.3.3 reached end-of-service in December 31, |
205 | 2003 this information is provided as is. The Perl versions prior to |
206 | Perl 5.8.9 could be compiled on AIX up to 4.3.3 with the following |
207 | settings (your mileage may vary): |
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208 | |
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209 | When compiling Perl, you must use an ANSI C compiler. AIX does not ship |
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210 | an ANSI compliant C-compiler with AIX by default, but binary builds of |
211 | gcc for AIX are widely available. |
212 | |
213 | At the moment of writing, AIX supports two different native C compilers, |
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214 | for which you have to pay: B<xlC> and B<vac>. If you decide to use either |
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215 | of these two (which is quite a lot easier than using gcc), be sure to |
216 | upgrade to the latest available patch level. Currently: |
217 | |
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218 | xlC.C 3.1.4.10 or 3.6.6.0 or 4.0.2.2 or 5.0.2.9 or 6.0.0.3 |
219 | vac.C 4.4.0.3 or 5.0.2.6 or 6.0.0.1 |
220 | |
221 | note that xlC has the OS version in the name as of version 4.0.2.0, so |
222 | you will find xlC.C for AIX-5.0 as package |
223 | |
224 | xlC.aix50.rte 5.0.2.0 or 6.0.0.3 |
225 | |
66a1b24b |
226 | subversions are not the same "latest" on all OS versions. For example, |
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227 | the latest xlC-5 on aix41 is 5.0.2.9, while on aix43, it is 5.0.2.7. |
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228 | |
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229 | Perl can be compiled with either IBM's ANSI C compiler or with gcc. |
230 | The former is recommended, as not only can it compile Perl with no |
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231 | difficulty, but also can take advantage of features listed later that |
232 | require the use of IBM compiler-specific command-line flags. |
233 | |
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234 | The IBM's compiler patch levels 5.0.0.0 and 5.0.1.0 have compiler |
235 | optimization bugs that affect compiling perl.c and regcomp.c, |
236 | respectively. If Perl's configuration detects those compiler patch |
237 | levels, optimization is turned off for the said source code files. |
238 | Upgrading to at least 5.0.2.0 is recommended. |
239 | |
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240 | If you decide to use gcc, make sure your installation is recent and |
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241 | complete, and be sure to read the Perl INSTALL file for more gcc-specific |
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242 | details. Please report any hoops you had to jump through to the development |
243 | team. |
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244 | |
245 | =head2 OS level |
246 | |
247 | Before installing the patches to the IBM C-compiler you need to know the |
248 | level of patching for the Operating System. IBM's command 'oslevel' will |
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249 | show the base, but is not always complete (in this example oslevel shows |
250 | 4.3.NULL, whereas the system might run most of 4.3.THREE): |
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251 | |
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252 | # oslevel |
253 | 4.3.0.0 |
254 | # lslpp -l | grep 'bos.rte ' |
e41d30bc |
255 | bos.rte 4.3.3.75 COMMITTED Base Operating System Runtime |
256 | bos.rte 4.3.2.0 COMMITTED Base Operating System Runtime |
257 | # |
258 | |
64cb7701 |
259 | The same might happen to AIX 5.1 or other OS levels. As a side note, perl |
260 | cannot be built without bos.adt.syscalls and bos.adt.libm installed |
1a3e4d88 |
261 | |
262 | # lslpp -l | egrep "syscalls|libm" |
263 | bos.adt.libm 5.1.0.25 COMMITTED Base Application Development |
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264 | bos.adt.syscalls 5.1.0.36 COMMITTED System Calls Application |
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265 | # |
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266 | |
267 | =head2 Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX |
268 | |
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269 | AIX supports dynamically loadable objects as well as shared libraries. |
270 | Shared libraries by convention end with the suffix .a, which is a bit |
271 | misleading, as an archive can contain static as well as dynamic members. |
272 | For perl dynamically loaded objects we use the .so suffix also used on |
273 | many other platforms. |
274 | |
275 | Note that starting from Perl 5.7.2 (and consequently 5.8.0) and AIX 4.3 |
276 | or newer Perl uses the AIX native dynamic loading interface in the so |
277 | called runtime linking mode instead of the emulated interface that was |
278 | used in Perl releases 5.6.1 and earlier or, for AIX releases 4.2 and |
279 | earlier. This change does break backward compatibility with compiled |
280 | modules from earlier perl releases. The change was made to make Perl |
efc3b6b5 |
281 | more compliant with other applications like Apache/mod_perl which are |
8218ea5d |
282 | using the AIX native interface. This change also enables the use of C++ |
283 | code with static constructors and destructors in perl extensions, which |
284 | was not possible using the emulated interface. |
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285 | |
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286 | =head2 The IBM ANSI C Compiler |
287 | |
288 | All defaults for Configure can be used. |
289 | |
290 | If you've chosen to use vac 4, be sure to run 4.4.0.3. Older versions |
4951a6f9 |
291 | will turn up nasty later on. For vac 5 be sure to run at least 5.0.1.0, |
c67773d0 |
292 | but vac 5.0.2.6 or up is highly recommended. Note that since IBM has |
293 | removed vac 5.0.2.1 through 5.0.2.5 from the software depot, these |
294 | versions should be considered obsolete. |
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295 | |
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296 | Here's a brief lead of how to upgrade the compiler to the latest |
297 | level. Of course this is subject to changes. You can only upgrade |
298 | versions from ftp-available updates if the first three digit groups |
299 | are the same (in where you can skip intermediate unlike the patches |
300 | in the developer snapshots of perl), or to one version up where the |
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301 | "base" is available. In other words, the AIX compiler patches are |
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302 | cumulative. |
303 | |
304 | vac.C.4.4.0.1 => vac.C.4.4.0.3 is OK (vac.C.4.4.0.2 not needed) |
305 | xlC.C.3.1.3.3 => xlC.C.3.1.4.10 is NOT OK (xlC.C.3.1.4.0 is not available) |
306 | |
307 | # ftp ftp.software.ibm.com |
308 | Connected to service.boulder.ibm.com. |
309 | : welcome message ... |
310 | Name (ftp.software.ibm.com:merijn): anonymous |
311 | 331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password. |
312 | Password: |
313 | ... accepted login stuff |
314 | ftp> cd /aix/fixes/v4/ |
315 | ftp> dir other other.ll |
316 | output to local-file: other.ll? y |
317 | 200 PORT command successful. |
318 | 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls. |
319 | 226 Transfer complete. |
320 | ftp> dir xlc xlc.ll |
321 | output to local-file: xlc.ll? y |
322 | 200 PORT command successful. |
323 | 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls. |
324 | 226 Transfer complete. |
325 | ftp> bye |
326 | ... goodbye messages |
327 | # ls -l *.ll |
328 | -rw-rw-rw- 1 merijn system 1169432 Nov 2 17:29 other.ll |
329 | -rw-rw-rw- 1 merijn system 29170 Nov 2 17:29 xlc.ll |
330 | |
331 | On AIX 4.2 using xlC, we continue: |
332 | |
333 | # lslpp -l | fgrep 'xlC.C ' |
334 | xlC.C 3.1.4.9 COMMITTED C for AIX Compiler |
335 | xlC.C 3.1.4.0 COMMITTED C for AIX Compiler |
336 | # grep 'xlC.C.3.1.4.*.bff' xlc.ll |
337 | -rw-r--r-- 1 45776101 1 6286336 Jul 22 1996 xlC.C.3.1.4.1.bff |
338 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6173696 Aug 24 1998 xlC.C.3.1.4.10.bff |
339 | -rw-r--r-- 1 45776101 1 6319104 Aug 14 1996 xlC.C.3.1.4.2.bff |
340 | -rw-r--r-- 1 45776101 1 6316032 Oct 21 1996 xlC.C.3.1.4.3.bff |
341 | -rw-r--r-- 1 45776101 1 6315008 Dec 20 1996 xlC.C.3.1.4.4.bff |
342 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6178816 Mar 28 1997 xlC.C.3.1.4.5.bff |
343 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6188032 May 22 1997 xlC.C.3.1.4.6.bff |
344 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6191104 Sep 5 1997 xlC.C.3.1.4.7.bff |
345 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6185984 Jan 13 1998 xlC.C.3.1.4.8.bff |
346 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6169600 May 27 1998 xlC.C.3.1.4.9.bff |
347 | # wget ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/aix/fixes/v4/xlc/xlC.C.3.1.4.10.bff |
348 | # |
349 | |
350 | On AIX 4.3 using vac, we continue: |
351 | |
64cb7701 |
352 | # lslpp -l | grep 'vac.C ' |
353 | vac.C 5.0.2.2 COMMITTED C for AIX Compiler |
354 | vac.C 5.0.2.0 COMMITTED C for AIX Compiler |
355 | # grep 'vac.C.5.0.2.*.bff' other.ll |
356 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 13592576 Apr 16 2001 vac.C.5.0.2.0.bff |
357 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 14133248 Apr 9 2002 vac.C.5.0.2.3.bff |
358 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 14173184 May 20 2002 vac.C.5.0.2.4.bff |
c67773d0 |
359 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 14192640 Nov 22 2002 vac.C.5.0.2.6.bff |
360 | # wget ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/aix/fixes/v4/other/vac.C.5.0.2.6.bff |
a318903f |
361 | # |
362 | |
64cb7701 |
363 | Likewise on all other OS levels. Then execute the following command, and |
364 | fill in its choices |
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365 | |
366 | # smit install_update |
367 | -> Install and Update from LATEST Available Software |
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368 | * INPUT device / directory for software [ vac.C.5.0.2.6.bff ] |
a318903f |
369 | [ OK ] |
370 | [ OK ] |
371 | |
372 | Follow the messages ... and you're done. |
373 | |
8381f7b7 |
374 | If you like a more web-like approach, a good start point can be |
375 | http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/download/downloadaz.jsp and click |
376 | "C for AIX", and follow the instructions. |
377 | |
e083a1cd |
378 | =head2 The usenm option |
379 | |
380 | If linking miniperl |
381 | |
382 | cc -o miniperl ... miniperlmain.o opmini.o perl.o ... -lm -lc ... |
383 | |
384 | causes error like this |
385 | |
386 | ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .aintl |
387 | ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .copysignl |
388 | ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .syscall |
389 | ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .eaccess |
390 | ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .setresuid |
391 | ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .setresgid |
392 | ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .setproctitle |
393 | ld: 0711-345 Use the -bloadmap or -bnoquiet option to obtain more information. |
394 | |
395 | you could retry with |
396 | |
397 | make realclean |
398 | rm config.sh |
399 | ./Configure -Dusenm ... |
400 | |
401 | which makes Configure to use the C<nm> tool when scanning for library |
402 | symbols, which usually is not done in AIX. |
403 | |
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404 | Related to this, you probably should not use the C<-r> option of |
405 | Configure in AIX, because that affects of how the C<nm> tool is used. |
406 | |
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407 | =head2 Using GNU's gcc for building perl |
408 | |
c67773d0 |
409 | Using gcc-3.x (tested with 3.0.4, 3.1, and 3.2) now works out of the box, |
410 | as do recent gcc-2.9 builds available directly from IBM as part of their |
411 | Linux compatibility packages, available here: |
818c4caa |
412 | |
4238f5a6 |
413 | http://www.ibm.com/servers/aix/products/aixos/linux/ |
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414 | |
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415 | =head2 Using Large Files with Perl |
416 | |
60ecc970 |
417 | Should yield no problems. |
20d11268 |
418 | |
419 | =head2 Threaded Perl |
420 | |
60ecc970 |
421 | Threads seem to work OK, though at the moment not all tests pass when |
1d69df2b |
422 | threads are used in combination with 64-bit configurations. |
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423 | |
bef58541 |
424 | You may get a warning when doing a threaded build: |
425 | |
426 | "pp_sys.c", line 4640.39: 1506-280 (W) Function argument assignment between types "unsigned char*" and "const void*" is not allowed. |
427 | |
428 | The exact line number may vary, but if the warning (W) comes from a line |
429 | line this |
430 | |
431 | hent = PerlSock_gethostbyaddr(addr, (Netdb_hlen_t) addrlen, addrtype); |
432 | |
433 | in the "pp_ghostent" function, you may ignore it safely. The warning |
434 | is caused by the reentrant variant of gethostbyaddr() having a slightly |
435 | different prototype than its non-reentrant variant, but the difference |
436 | is not really significant here. |
437 | |
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438 | =head2 64-bit Perl |
439 | |
1d69df2b |
440 | If your AIX is installed with 64-bit support, you can expect 64-bit |
12f54d27 |
441 | configurations to work. In combination with threads some tests might |
442 | still fail. |
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443 | |
12f54d27 |
444 | =head2 AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics |
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445 | |
12f54d27 |
446 | In AIX 4.2 Perl extensions that use C++ functions that use statics |
447 | may have problems in that the statics are not getting initialized. |
448 | In newer AIX releases this has been solved by linking Perl with |
449 | the libC_r library, but unfortunately in AIX 4.2 the said library |
450 | has an obscure bug where the various functions related to time |
451 | (such as time() and gettimeofday()) return broken values, and |
452 | therefore in AIX 4.2 Perl is not linked against the libC_r. |
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453 | |
7fabfece |
454 | =head1 AUTHORS |
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455 | |
3bd76f0a |
456 | H.Merijn Brand <h.m.brand@xs4all.nl> |
7fabfece |
457 | Rainer Tammer <tammer@tammer.net> |
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458 | |
20d11268 |
459 | =head1 DATE |
460 | |
e1051f11 |
461 | Version 0.0.8: 01 Dec 2008 |
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462 | |
463 | =cut |