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1 | [This is an unsupported, pre-release version of Perl 5.0.] |
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2 | |
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3 | Perl Kit, Version 5.0 |
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4 | |
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5 | Copyright (c) 1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994 Larry Wall |
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6 | All rights reserved. |
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7 | |
8 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify |
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9 | it under the terms of either: |
10 | |
11 | a) the GNU General Public License as published by the Free |
12 | Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any |
13 | later version, or |
14 | |
15 | b) the "Artistic License" which comes with this Kit. |
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16 | |
17 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
18 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
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19 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See either |
20 | the GNU General Public License or the Artistic License for more details. |
21 | |
22 | You should have received a copy of the Artistic License with this |
23 | Kit, in the file named "Artistic". If not, I'll be glad to provide one. |
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24 | |
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25 | You should also have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
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26 | along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software |
27 | Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. |
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28 | |
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29 | For those of you that choose to use the GNU General Public License, |
30 | my interpretation of the GNU General Public License is that no Perl |
31 | script falls under the terms of the GPL unless you explicitly put |
32 | said script under the terms of the GPL yourself. Furthermore, any |
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33 | object code linked with uperl.o does not automatically fall under the |
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34 | terms of the GPL, provided such object code only adds definitions |
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35 | of subroutines and variables, and does not otherwise impair the |
36 | resulting interpreter from executing any standard Perl script. I |
37 | consider linking in C subroutines in this manner to be the moral |
38 | equivalent of defining subroutines in the Perl language itself. You |
39 | may sell such an object file as proprietary provided that you provide |
40 | or offer to provide the Perl source, as specified by the GNU General |
41 | Public License. (This is merely an alternate way of specifying input |
42 | to the program.) You may also sell a binary produced by the dumping of |
43 | a running Perl script that belongs to you, provided that you provide or |
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44 | offer to provide the Perl source as specified by the GPL. (The |
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45 | fact that a Perl interpreter and your code are in the same binary file |
46 | is, in this case, a form of mere aggregation.) This is my interpretation |
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47 | of the GPL. If you still have concerns or difficulties understanding |
48 | my intent, feel free to contact me. Of course, the Artistic License |
49 | spells all this out for your protection, so you may prefer to use that. |
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50 | |
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51 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
52 | |
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53 | Perl is a language that combines some of the features of C, sed, awk |
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54 | and shell. See the manual page for more hype. There are also two Nutshell |
55 | Handbooks published by O'Reilly & Assoc. See pod/perlbook.pod |
56 | for more information. |
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57 | |
58 | Please read all the directions below before you proceed any further, and |
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59 | then follow them carefully. |
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60 | |
61 | After you have unpacked your kit, you should have all the files listed |
62 | in MANIFEST. |
63 | |
64 | Installation |
65 | |
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66 | 1) Run Configure. This will figure out various things about your |
67 | system. Some things Configure will figure out for itself, other |
68 | things it will ask you about. If the test scripts and programs |
69 | run ok, the defaults will usually be right. It will then proceed to |
70 | make config.h, config.sh, and Makefile. You may have to explicitly |
71 | say sh Configure to ensure that Configure is run under sh. |
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72 | If you're a hotshot, run Configure -d to take all the defaults and |
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73 | then edit config.sh to patch up any flaws and run Configure -S. |
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74 | |
75 | Configure supports a number of useful options. Run Configure -h |
76 | to get a listing. To compile with gcc, for example, you can run |
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77 | Configure -Dcc=gcc, or answer 'gcc' at the cc prompt. If you |
78 | change compilers or make other significant changes, you should |
79 | probably _not_ re-use your old config.sh. |
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80 | |
81 | By default, perl will be installed in /usr/local/{bin, lib, man}. |
82 | You can specify a different prefix for the default installation |
83 | directory, when Configure prompts you or by using something like |
84 | Configure -Dprefix=/whatever. |
85 | |
86 | You can also supply a file config.over to over-ride Configure's |
87 | guesses. It will get loaded up at the very end, just before |
88 | config.sh is created. |
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89 | |
90 | You might possibly have to trim # comments from the front of Configure |
91 | if your sh doesn't handle them, but all other # comments will be taken |
92 | care of. |
93 | |
94 | (If you don't have sh, you'll have to copy the sample file config.H to |
95 | config.h and edit the config.h to reflect your system's peculiarities.) |
96 | |
97 | 2) Glance through config.h to make sure system dependencies are correct. |
98 | Most of them should have been taken care of by running the Configure script. |
99 | |
100 | If you have any additional changes to make to the C definitions, they |
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101 | can be done in cflags.SH. For instance, to turn off the optimizer |
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102 | on toke.c, find the line in the switch structure for toke.c and |
103 | put the command optimize='-g' before the ;;. To change the C flags |
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104 | for all the files, edit config.sh and change either $ccflags or $optimize. |
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105 | |
106 | 3) make depend |
107 | |
108 | This will look for all the includes and modify Makefile accordingly. |
109 | Configure will offer to do this for you. |
110 | |
111 | 4) make |
112 | |
113 | This will attempt to make perl in the current directory. |
114 | |
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115 | If you can't compile successfully, try adding a -DCRIPPLED_CC flag. |
116 | (Just because you get no errors doesn't mean it compiled right!) |
117 | This simplifies some complicated expressions for compilers that |
118 | get indigestion easily. If that has no effect, try turning off |
119 | optimization. If you have missing routines, you probably need to |
120 | add some library or other, or you need to undefine some feature that |
121 | Configure thought was there but is defective or incomplete. |
122 | |
123 | Some compilers will not compile or optimize the larger files without |
124 | some extra switches to use larger jump offsets or allocate larger |
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125 | internal tables. You can customize the switches for each file in |
126 | cflags.SH. It's okay to insert rules for specific files into |
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127 | Makefile.SH, since a default rule only takes effect in the |
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128 | absence of a specific rule. |
129 | |
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130 | Many of the following hints are now done automatically by Configure. |
131 | Some of the hints here were for Perl 4, and are probably obsolete. |
132 | They're left here for the moment just to give you some ideas for |
133 | what to try if you're having trouble. |
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134 | |
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135 | AIX/RT may need a -a switch and -DCRIPPLED_CC. |
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136 | Ultrix 3.[01] on MIPS needs to undefine WAITPID--the system call is busted. |
137 | MIPS machines may need to undef d_volatile. |
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138 | MIPS machines may need to turn off -O on some files. |
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139 | Some MIPS machines may need to undefine CASTNEGFLOAT. |
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140 | Genix may need to use libc rather than libc_s, or #undef VARARGS. |
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141 | NCR Tower 32 (OS 2.01.01) may need -W2,-Sl,2000 and #undef MKDIR. |
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142 | A/UX may appear to work with -O -B/usr/lib/big/ optimizer flags. |
143 | A/UX may need -lposix to find rewinddir. |
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144 | A/UX may need -ZP -DPOSIX, and -g if big cc is used. |
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145 | UTS may need one or more of -DCRIPPLED_CC, -K or -g, and undef LSTAT. |
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146 | If you get syntax errors on '(', try -DCRIPPLED_CC. |
147 | Machines with half-implemented dbm routines will need to #undef I_ODBM |
148 | SCO prior to 3.2.4 may be missing dbmclose(). An upgrade to 3.2.4 |
149 | that includes libdbm.nfs (which includes dbmclose()) may be available. |
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150 | If you get duplicates upon linking for malloc et al, say -DHIDEMYMALLOC. |
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151 | If you get duplicate function definitions (a perl function has the |
152 | same name as another function on your system) try -DEMBED. |
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153 | If you get varags problems with gcc, be sure that gcc is installed |
154 | correctly. When using gcc, you should probably have i_stdarg='define' |
155 | and i_varags='undef' in config.sh. |
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156 | |
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157 | 5) make test |
158 | |
159 | This will run the regression tests on the perl you just made. |
160 | If it doesn't say "All tests successful" then something went wrong. |
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161 | See the README in the t subdirectory. Note that you can't run it |
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162 | in background if this disables opening of /dev/tty. If "make test" |
163 | bombs out, just cd to the t directory and run TEST by hand to see if |
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164 | it makes any difference. If individual tests bomb, you can run |
165 | them by hand, e.g., ./perl op/groups.t |
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166 | |
167 | 6) make install |
168 | |
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169 | This will put perl into a public directory (such as /usr/local/bin). |
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170 | It will also try to put the man pages in a reasonable place. It will not |
171 | nroff the man page, however. You may need to be root to do this. If |
172 | you are not root, you must own the directories in question and you should |
173 | ignore any messages about chown not working. |
174 | |
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175 | make install will also install the following: |
176 | perl, |
177 | perl5.nnn where nnn is the current release number. This |
178 | will be a link to perl. |
179 | suidperl, |
180 | sperl5.nnn If you requested setuid emulation. |
181 | a2p awk-to-perl translator |
182 | cppstdin This is used by perl -P, if your cc -E can't |
183 | read from stdin. |
184 | c2ph, pstruct Scripts for handling C structures in header files. |
185 | s2p sed-to-perl translator |
186 | find2perl find-to-perl translator |
187 | h2xs Converts C .h header files to Perl extensions. |
188 | |
189 | library files in $privlib and $archlib specified to |
190 | Configure, usually under /usr/local/lib/perl5/. |
191 | man pages in the location specified to Configure, usually |
192 | something like /usr/local/man/man1. |
193 | |
194 | Perl's *.h header files and the libperl.a library are also |
195 | installed under $archlib so that you may later build new |
196 | extensions even if the Perl source is no longer available. |
197 | |
198 | make install may also offer to install perl in a "standard" location. |
199 | |
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200 | Most of the documentation in the pod/ directory is also available |
201 | in HTML format. Type |
202 | cd pod; make html; cd .. |
203 | to generate the html versions. |
204 | |
205 | 7) Read the manual entries before running perl. |
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206 | |
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207 | 8) IMPORTANT! Help save the world! Communicate any problems and suggested |
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208 | patches to me, lwall@netlabs.com (Larry Wall), so we can |
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209 | keep the world in sync. If you have a problem, there's someone else |
210 | out there who either has had or will have the same problem. |
211 | |
212 | If possible, send in patches such that the patch program will apply them. |
213 | Context diffs are the best, then normal diffs. Don't send ed scripts-- |
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214 | I've probably changed my copy since the version you have. It's also |
215 | helpful if you send the output of "uname -a". |
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216 | |
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217 | Watch for perl patches in comp.lang.perl. Patches will generally be |
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218 | in a form usable by the patch program. If you are just now bringing up |
219 | perl and aren't sure how many patches there are, write to me and I'll |
220 | send any you don't have. Your current patch level is shown in patchlevel.h. |
221 | |
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222 | |
223 | Just a personal note: I want you to know that I create nice things like this |
224 | because it pleases the Author of my story. If this bothers you, then your |
225 | notion of Authorship needs some revision. But you can use perl anyway. :-) |
226 | |
227 | The author. |