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2 | Perl Kit, Version 5.0 |
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3 | |
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4 | Copyright (c) 1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994 Larry Wall |
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5 | All rights reserved. |
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6 | |
7 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify |
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8 | it under the terms of either: |
9 | |
10 | a) the GNU General Public License as published by the Free |
11 | Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any |
12 | later version, or |
13 | |
14 | b) the "Artistic License" which comes with this Kit. |
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15 | |
16 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
17 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
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18 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See either |
19 | the GNU General Public License or the Artistic License for more details. |
20 | |
21 | You should have received a copy of the Artistic License with this |
22 | Kit, in the file named "Artistic". If not, I'll be glad to provide one. |
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23 | |
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24 | You should also have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
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25 | along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software |
26 | Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. |
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27 | |
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28 | For those of you that choose to use the GNU General Public License, |
29 | my interpretation of the GNU General Public License is that no Perl |
30 | script falls under the terms of the GPL unless you explicitly put |
31 | said script under the terms of the GPL yourself. Furthermore, any |
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32 | object code linked with perl does not automatically fall under the |
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33 | terms of the GPL, provided such object code only adds definitions |
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34 | of subroutines and variables, and does not otherwise impair the |
35 | resulting interpreter from executing any standard Perl script. I |
36 | consider linking in C subroutines in this manner to be the moral |
37 | equivalent of defining subroutines in the Perl language itself. You |
38 | may sell such an object file as proprietary provided that you provide |
39 | or offer to provide the Perl source, as specified by the GNU General |
40 | Public License. (This is merely an alternate way of specifying input |
41 | to the program.) You may also sell a binary produced by the dumping of |
42 | a running Perl script that belongs to you, provided that you provide or |
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43 | offer to provide the Perl source as specified by the GPL. (The |
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44 | fact that a Perl interpreter and your code are in the same binary file |
45 | is, in this case, a form of mere aggregation.) This is my interpretation |
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46 | of the GPL. If you still have concerns or difficulties understanding |
47 | my intent, feel free to contact me. Of course, the Artistic License |
48 | spells all this out for your protection, so you may prefer to use that. |
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49 | |
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50 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
51 | |
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52 | Perl is a language that combines some of the features of C, sed, awk |
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53 | and shell. See the manual page for more hype. There are also two Nutshell |
54 | Handbooks published by O'Reilly & Assoc. See pod/perlbook.pod |
55 | for more information. |
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56 | |
57 | Please read all the directions below before you proceed any further, and |
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58 | then follow them carefully. |
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59 | |
60 | After you have unpacked your kit, you should have all the files listed |
61 | in MANIFEST. |
62 | |
63 | Installation |
64 | |
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65 | 1) Run Configure. This will figure out various things about your |
66 | system. Some things Configure will figure out for itself, other |
67 | things it will ask you about. If the test scripts and programs |
68 | run ok, the defaults will usually be right. It will then proceed to |
69 | make config.h, config.sh, and Makefile. You may have to explicitly |
70 | say sh Configure to ensure that Configure is run under sh. |
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71 | If you're a hotshot, run Configure -d to take all the defaults and |
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72 | then edit config.sh to patch up any flaws and run Configure -S. |
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73 | |
74 | Configure supports a number of useful options. Run Configure -h |
75 | to get a listing. To compile with gcc, for example, you can run |
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76 | Configure -Dcc=gcc, or answer 'gcc' at the cc prompt. This is the |
77 | preferred way to invoke an alternate compiler, since the hints |
78 | files can then set appropriate defaults. |
79 | |
80 | If you change compilers or make other significant changes, you should |
81 | probably _not_ re-use your old config.sh. Simply remove it or |
82 | rename it, e.g. mv config.sh config.sh.old. |
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83 | |
84 | By default, perl will be installed in /usr/local/{bin, lib, man}. |
85 | You can specify a different prefix for the default installation |
86 | directory, when Configure prompts you or by using something like |
87 | Configure -Dprefix=/whatever. |
88 | |
89 | You can also supply a file config.over to over-ride Configure's |
90 | guesses. It will get loaded up at the very end, just before |
91 | config.sh is created. |
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92 | |
93 | You might possibly have to trim # comments from the front of Configure |
94 | if your sh doesn't handle them, but all other # comments will be taken |
95 | care of. |
96 | |
97 | (If you don't have sh, you'll have to copy the sample file config.H to |
98 | config.h and edit the config.h to reflect your system's peculiarities.) |
99 | |
100 | 2) Glance through config.h to make sure system dependencies are correct. |
101 | Most of them should have been taken care of by running the Configure script. |
102 | |
103 | If you have any additional changes to make to the C definitions, they |
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104 | can be done in cflags.SH. For instance, to turn off the optimizer |
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105 | on toke.c, find the line in the switch structure for toke.c and |
106 | put the command optimize='-g' before the ;;. To change the C flags |
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107 | for all the files, edit config.sh and change either $ccflags or $optimize. |
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108 | |
109 | 3) make depend |
110 | |
111 | This will look for all the includes and modify Makefile accordingly. |
112 | Configure will offer to do this for you. |
113 | |
114 | 4) make |
115 | |
116 | This will attempt to make perl in the current directory. |
117 | |
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118 | If you can't compile successfully, try adding a -DCRIPPLED_CC flag. |
119 | (Just because you get no errors doesn't mean it compiled right!) |
120 | This simplifies some complicated expressions for compilers that |
121 | get indigestion easily. If that has no effect, try turning off |
122 | optimization. If you have missing routines, you probably need to |
123 | add some library or other, or you need to undefine some feature that |
124 | Configure thought was there but is defective or incomplete. |
125 | |
126 | Some compilers will not compile or optimize the larger files without |
127 | some extra switches to use larger jump offsets or allocate larger |
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128 | internal tables. You can customize the switches for each file in |
129 | cflags.SH. It's okay to insert rules for specific files into |
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130 | Makefile.SH, since a default rule only takes effect in the |
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131 | absence of a specific rule. |
132 | |
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133 | Many of the following hints are now done automatically by Configure. |
134 | Some of the hints here were for Perl 4, and are probably obsolete. |
135 | They're left here for the moment just to give you some ideas for |
136 | what to try if you're having trouble. |
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137 | |
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138 | AIX/RT may need a -a switch and -DCRIPPLED_CC. |
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139 | Ultrix 3.[01] on MIPS needs to undefine WAITPID--the system call is busted. |
140 | MIPS machines may need to undef d_volatile. |
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141 | MIPS machines may need to turn off -O on some files. |
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142 | Some MIPS machines may need to undefine CASTNEGFLOAT. |
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143 | Genix may need to use libc rather than libc_s, or #undef VARARGS. |
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144 | NCR Tower 32 (OS 2.01.01) may need -W2,-Sl,2000 and #undef MKDIR. |
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145 | A/UX may appear to work with -O -B/usr/lib/big/ optimizer flags. |
146 | A/UX may need -lposix to find rewinddir. |
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147 | A/UX may need -ZP -DPOSIX, and -g if big cc is used. |
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148 | UTS may need one or more of -DCRIPPLED_CC, -K or -g, and undef LSTAT. |
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149 | If you get syntax errors on '(', try -DCRIPPLED_CC. |
150 | Machines with half-implemented dbm routines will need to #undef I_ODBM |
151 | SCO prior to 3.2.4 may be missing dbmclose(). An upgrade to 3.2.4 |
152 | that includes libdbm.nfs (which includes dbmclose()) may be available. |
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153 | If you get duplicates upon linking for malloc et al, say -DHIDEMYMALLOC. |
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154 | If you get duplicate function definitions (a perl function has the |
155 | same name as another function on your system) try -DEMBED. |
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156 | If you get varags problems with gcc, be sure that gcc is installed |
157 | correctly. When using gcc, you should probably have i_stdarg='define' |
158 | and i_varags='undef' in config.sh. |
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159 | If you wish to use dynamic loading on SunOS or Solaris, and you |
160 | have GNU as and GNU ld installed, you may need to add -B/bin/ to |
161 | your $ccflags and $ldflags so that the system's versions of as |
162 | and ld are used. |
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163 | |
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164 | 5) make test |
165 | |
166 | This will run the regression tests on the perl you just made. |
167 | If it doesn't say "All tests successful" then something went wrong. |
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168 | See the README in the t subdirectory. Note that you can't run it |
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169 | in background if this disables opening of /dev/tty. If "make test" |
170 | bombs out, just cd to the t directory and run TEST by hand to see if |
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171 | it makes any difference. If individual tests bomb, you can run |
172 | them by hand, e.g., ./perl op/groups.t |
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173 | |
174 | 6) make install |
175 | |
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176 | This will put perl into a public directory (such as /usr/local/bin). |
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177 | It will also try to put the man pages in a reasonable place. It will not |
178 | nroff the man page, however. You may need to be root to do this. If |
179 | you are not root, you must own the directories in question and you should |
180 | ignore any messages about chown not working. |
181 | |
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182 | make install will also install the following: |
183 | perl, |
184 | perl5.nnn where nnn is the current release number. This |
185 | will be a link to perl. |
186 | suidperl, |
187 | sperl5.nnn If you requested setuid emulation. |
188 | a2p awk-to-perl translator |
189 | cppstdin This is used by perl -P, if your cc -E can't |
190 | read from stdin. |
191 | c2ph, pstruct Scripts for handling C structures in header files. |
192 | s2p sed-to-perl translator |
193 | find2perl find-to-perl translator |
194 | h2xs Converts C .h header files to Perl extensions. |
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195 | pod2html, Converters from perl's pod documentation format |
196 | pod2latex, and to other useful formats. |
197 | pod2man |
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198 | |
199 | library files in $privlib and $archlib specified to |
200 | Configure, usually under /usr/local/lib/perl5/. |
201 | man pages in the location specified to Configure, usually |
202 | something like /usr/local/man/man1. |
203 | |
204 | Perl's *.h header files and the libperl.a library are also |
205 | installed under $archlib so that you may later build new |
206 | extensions even if the Perl source is no longer available. |
207 | |
208 | make install may also offer to install perl in a "standard" location. |
209 | |
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210 | Most of the documentation in the pod/ directory is also available |
211 | in HTML format. Type |
212 | cd pod; make html; cd .. |
213 | to generate the html versions. |
214 | |
215 | 7) Read the manual entries before running perl. |
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216 | |
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217 | 8) IMPORTANT! Help save the world! Communicate any problems and suggested |
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218 | patches to me, lwall@netlabs.com (Larry Wall), so we can |
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219 | keep the world in sync. If you have a problem, there's someone else |
220 | out there who either has had or will have the same problem. |
221 | |
222 | If possible, send in patches such that the patch program will apply them. |
223 | Context diffs are the best, then normal diffs. Don't send ed scripts-- |
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224 | I've probably changed my copy since the version you have. It's also |
225 | helpful if you send the output of "uname -a". |
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226 | |
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227 | Watch for perl patches in comp.lang.perl. Patches will generally be |
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228 | in a form usable by the patch program. If you are just now bringing up |
229 | perl and aren't sure how many patches there are, write to me and I'll |
230 | send any you don't have. Your current patch level is shown in patchlevel.h. |
231 | |
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232 | |
233 | Just a personal note: I want you to know that I create nice things like this |
234 | because it pleases the Author of my story. If this bothers you, then your |
235 | notion of Authorship needs some revision. But you can use perl anyway. :-) |
236 | |
237 | The author. |