[p5sagit/Function-Parameters.git] / Parameters.xs

/*
Copyright 2012 Lukas Mai.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of either: the GNU General Public License as published
by the Free Software Foundation; or the Artistic License.

See http://dev.perl.org/licenses/ for more information.
 */

#ifdef __GNUC__
 #if (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 6) || __GNUC__ >= 5
  #define PRAGMA_GCC_(X) _Pragma(#X)
  #define PRAGMA_GCC(X) PRAGMA_GCC_(GCC X)
 #endif
#endif

#ifndef PRAGMA_GCC
 #define PRAGMA_GCC(X)
#endif

#ifdef DEVEL
 #define WARNINGS_RESET PRAGMA_GCC(diagnostic pop)
 #define WARNINGS_ENABLEW(X) PRAGMA_GCC(diagnostic warning #X)
 #define WARNINGS_ENABLE \
 	WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Wall) \
 	WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Wextra) \
 	WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Wundef) \
 	/* WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Wshadow) :-( */ \
 	WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Wbad-function-cast) \
 	WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Wcast-align) \
 	WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Wwrite-strings) \
 	/* WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Wnested-externs) wtf? */ \
 	WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Wstrict-prototypes) \
 	WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Wmissing-prototypes) \
 	WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Winline) \
 	WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Wdisabled-optimization)

#else
 #define WARNINGS_RESET
 #define WARNINGS_ENABLE
#endif


#define PERL_NO_GET_CONTEXT
#include "EXTERN.h"
#include "perl.h"
#include "XSUB.h"

#include <string.h>


WARNINGS_ENABLE


#define HAVE_PERL_VERSION(R, V, S) \
	(PERL_REVISION > (R) || (PERL_REVISION == (R) && (PERL_VERSION > (V) || (PERL_VERSION == (V) && (PERL_SUBVERSION >= (S))))))

#if HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 16, 0)
 #define IF_HAVE_PERL_5_16(YES, NO) YES
#else
 #define IF_HAVE_PERL_5_16(YES, NO) NO
#endif

#if 0
 #if HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 17, 6)
  #error "internal error: missing definition of KEY_my (your perl is too new)"
 #elif HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 15, 8)
  #define S_KEY_my 134
 #elif HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 15, 6)
  #define S_KEY_my 133
 #elif HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 15, 5)
  #define S_KEY_my 132
 #elif HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 13, 0)
  #define S_KEY_my 131
 #else
  #error "internal error: missing definition of KEY_my (your perl is too old)"
 #endif
#endif


#define MY_PKG "Function::Parameters"

#define HINTK_KEYWORDS MY_PKG "/keywords"
#define HINTK_FLAGS_   MY_PKG "/flags:"
#define HINTK_SHIFT_   MY_PKG "/shift:"
#define HINTK_ATTRS_   MY_PKG "/attrs:"

#define DEFSTRUCT(T) typedef struct T T; struct T

#define UV_BITS (sizeof (UV) * CHAR_BIT)

enum {
	FLAG_NAME_OK      = 0x01,
	FLAG_ANON_OK      = 0x02,
	FLAG_DEFAULT_ARGS = 0x04,
	FLAG_CHECK_NARGS  = 0x08,
	FLAG_INVOCANT     = 0x10,
	FLAG_NAMED_PARAMS = 0x20,
	FLAG_TYPES_OK     = 0x40,
	FLAG_CHECK_TARGS  = 0x80
};

DEFSTRUCT(KWSpec) {
	unsigned flags;
	SV *shift;
	SV *attrs;
};

static int (*next_keyword_plugin)(pTHX_ char *, STRLEN, OP **);

DEFSTRUCT(Resource) {
	Resource *next;
	void *data;
	void (*destroy)(pTHX_ void *);
};

typedef Resource *Sentinel[1];

static void sentinel_clear_void(pTHX_ void *p) {
	Resource **pp = p;
	while (*pp) {
		Resource *cur = *pp;
		if (cur->destroy) {
			cur->destroy(aTHX_ cur->data);
		}
		cur->data = (void *)"no";
		cur->destroy = NULL;
		*pp = cur->next;
		Safefree(cur);
	}
}

static Resource *sentinel_register(Sentinel sen, void *data, void (*destroy)(pTHX_ void *)) {
	Resource *cur;

	Newx(cur, 1, Resource);
	cur->data = data;
	cur->destroy = destroy;
	cur->next = *sen;
	*sen = cur;

	return cur;
}

static void sentinel_disarm(Resource *p) {
	p->destroy = NULL;
}

static void my_sv_refcnt_dec_void(pTHX_ void *p) {
	SV *sv = p;
	SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
}

static SV *sentinel_mortalize(Sentinel sen, SV *sv) {
	sentinel_register(sen, sv, my_sv_refcnt_dec_void);
	return sv;
}


#if HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 17, 2)
 #define MY_OP_SLABBED(O) ((O)->op_slabbed)
#else
 #define MY_OP_SLABBED(O) 0
#endif

DEFSTRUCT(OpGuard) {
	OP *op;
	bool needs_freed;
};

static void op_guard_init(OpGuard *p) {
	p->op = NULL;
	p->needs_freed = FALSE;
}

static OpGuard op_guard_transfer(OpGuard *p) {
	OpGuard r = *p;
	op_guard_init(p);
	return r;
}

static OP *op_guard_relinquish(OpGuard *p) {
	OP *o = p->op;
	op_guard_init(p);
	return o;
}

static void op_guard_update(OpGuard *p, OP *o) {
	p->op = o;
	p->needs_freed = o && !MY_OP_SLABBED(o);
}

static void op_guard_clear(pTHX_ OpGuard *p) {
	if (p->needs_freed) {
		op_free(p->op);
	}
}

static void free_op_guard_void(pTHX_ void *vp) {
	OpGuard *p = vp;
	op_guard_clear(aTHX_ p);
	Safefree(p);
}

static void free_op_void(pTHX_ void *vp) {
	OP *p = vp;
	op_free(p);
}

#define sv_eq_pvs(SV, S) my_sv_eq_pvn(aTHX_ SV, "" S "", sizeof (S) - 1)

static int my_sv_eq_pvn(pTHX_ SV *sv, const char *p, STRLEN n) {
	STRLEN sv_len;
	const char *sv_p = SvPV(sv, sv_len);
	return memcmp(sv_p, p, n) == 0;
}


#include "padop_on_crack.c.inc"


static void my_require(pTHX_ const char *file) {
	SV *err;
	require_pv(file);
	err = ERRSV;
	if (SvTRUE(err)) {
		croak_sv(err);
	}
}

enum {
	MY_ATTR_LVALUE = 0x01,
	MY_ATTR_METHOD = 0x02,
	MY_ATTR_SPECIAL = 0x04
};

static void my_sv_cat_c(pTHX_ SV *sv, U32 c) {
	char ds[UTF8_MAXBYTES + 1], *d;
	d = (char *)uvchr_to_utf8((U8 *)ds, c);
	if (d - ds > 1) {
		sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
	}
	sv_catpvn(sv, ds, d - ds);
}


#define MY_UNI_IDFIRST(C) isIDFIRST_uni(C)
#define MY_UNI_IDCONT(C)  isALNUM_uni(C)

static SV *my_scan_word(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, bool allow_package) {
	bool at_start, at_substart;
	I32 c;
	SV *sv = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));
	if (lex_bufutf8()) {
		SvUTF8_on(sv);
	}

	at_start = at_substart = TRUE;
	c = lex_peek_unichar(0);

	while (c != -1) {
		if (at_substart ? MY_UNI_IDFIRST(c) : MY_UNI_IDCONT(c)) {
			lex_read_unichar(0);
			my_sv_cat_c(aTHX_ sv, c);
			at_substart = FALSE;
			c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
		} else if (allow_package && !at_substart && c == '\'') {
			lex_read_unichar(0);
			c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
			if (!MY_UNI_IDFIRST(c)) {
				lex_stuff_pvs("'", 0);
				break;
			}
			sv_catpvs(sv, "'");
			at_substart = TRUE;
		} else if (allow_package && (at_start || !at_substart) && c == ':') {
			lex_read_unichar(0);
			if (lex_peek_unichar(0) != ':') {
				lex_stuff_pvs(":", 0);
				break;
			}
			lex_read_unichar(0);
			c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
			if (!MY_UNI_IDFIRST(c)) {
				lex_stuff_pvs("::", 0);
				break;
			}
			sv_catpvs(sv, "::");
			at_substart = TRUE;
		} else {
			break;
		}
		at_start = FALSE;
	}

	return SvCUR(sv) ? sv : NULL;
}

static SV *my_scan_parens_tail(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, bool keep_backslash) {
	I32 c, nesting;
	SV *sv;
	line_t start;

	start = CopLINE(PL_curcop);

	sv = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));
	if (lex_bufutf8()) {
		SvUTF8_on(sv);
	}

	nesting = 0;
	for (;;) {
		c = lex_read_unichar(0);
		if (c == EOF) {
			CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, start);
			return NULL;
		}

		if (c == '\\') {
			c = lex_read_unichar(0);
			if (c == EOF) {
				CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, start);
				return NULL;
			}
			if (keep_backslash || (c != '(' && c != ')')) {
				sv_catpvs(sv, "\\");
			}
		} else if (c == '(') {
			nesting++;
		} else if (c == ')') {
			if (!nesting) {
				break;
			}
			nesting--;
		}

		my_sv_cat_c(aTHX_ sv, c);
	}

	return sv;
}

static void my_check_prototype(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, const SV *declarator, SV *proto) {
	char *start, *r, *w, *end;
	STRLEN len;

	/* strip spaces */
	start = SvPV(proto, len);
	end = start + len;

	for (w = r = start; r < end; r++) {
		if (!isSPACE(*r)) {
			*w++ = *r;
		}
	}
	*w = '\0';
	SvCUR_set(proto, w - start);
	end = w;
	len = end - start;

	if (!ckWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO)) {
		return;
	}

	/* check for bad characters */
	if (strspn(start, "$@%*;[]&\\_+") != len) {
		SV *dsv = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));
		warner(
			packWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO),
			"Illegal character in prototype for %"SVf" : %s",
			SVfARG(declarator),
			SvUTF8(proto)
				? sv_uni_display(
					dsv,
					proto,
					len,
					UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT
				)
				: pv_pretty(dsv, start, len, 60, NULL, NULL,
					PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NONASCII
				)
		);
		return;
	}

	for (r = start; r < end; r++) {
		switch (*r) {
			default:
				warner(
					packWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO),
					"Illegal character in prototype for %"SVf" : %s",
					SVfARG(declarator), r
				);
				return;

			case '_':
				if (r[1] && !strchr(";@%", *r)) {
					warner(
						packWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO),
						"Illegal character after '_' in prototype for %"SVf" : %s",
						SVfARG(declarator), r
					);
					return;
				}
				break;

			case '@':
			case '%':
				if (r[1]) {
					warner(
						packWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO),
						"prototype after '%c' for %"SVf": %s",
						*r, SVfARG(declarator), r + 1
					);
					return;
				}
				break;

			case '\\':
				r++;
				if (strchr("$@%&*", *r)) {
					break;
				}
				if (*r == '[') {
					r++;
					for (; r < end && *r != ']'; r++) {
						if (!strchr("$@%&*", *r)) {
							break;
						}
					}
					if (*r == ']' && r[-1] != '[') {
						break;
					}
				}
				warner(
					packWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO),
					"Illegal character after '\\' in prototype for %"SVf" : %s",
					SVfARG(declarator), r
				);
				return;

			case '$':
			case '*':
			case '&':
			case ';':
			case '+':
				break;
		}
	}
}

static SV *parse_type(pTHX_ Sentinel, const SV *);

static SV *parse_type_paramd(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, const SV *declarator) {
	I32 c;
	SV *t;

	t = my_scan_word(aTHX_ sen, TRUE);
	lex_read_space(0);

	c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
	if (c == '[') {
		SV *u;

		lex_read_unichar(0);
		lex_read_space(0);
		my_sv_cat_c(aTHX_ t, c);

		u = parse_type(aTHX_ sen, declarator);
		sv_catsv(t, u);

		c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
		if (c != ']') {
			croak("In %"SVf": missing ']' after '%"SVf"'", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(t));
		}
		lex_read_unichar(0);
		lex_read_space(0);

		my_sv_cat_c(aTHX_ t, c);
	}

	return t;
}

static SV *parse_type(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, const SV *declarator) {
	I32 c;
	SV *t;

	t = parse_type_paramd(aTHX_ sen, declarator);

	c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
	while (c == '|') {
		SV *u;

		lex_read_unichar(0);
		lex_read_space(0);

		my_sv_cat_c(aTHX_ t, c);
		u = parse_type_paramd(aTHX_ sen, declarator);
		sv_catsv(t, u);

		c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
	}

	return t;
}

static SV *reify_type(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, const SV *declarator, SV *name) {
	SV *t;
	int n;
	dSP;

	my_require(aTHX_ "Moose/Util/TypeConstraints.pm");

	ENTER;
	SAVETMPS;

	PUSHMARK(SP);
	EXTEND(SP, 1);
	PUSHs(name);
	PUTBACK;

	n = call_pv("Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::find_or_create_isa_type_constraint", G_SCALAR);
	SPAGAIN;

	assert(n == 1);
	/* don't warn about n being unused if assert() is compiled out */
	n = n;

	t = sentinel_mortalize(sen, SvREFCNT_inc(POPs));

	PUTBACK;
	FREETMPS;
	LEAVE;

	if (!SvTRUE(t)) {
		croak("In %"SVf": undefined type '%"SVf"'", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
	}

	return t;
}


DEFSTRUCT(Param) {
	SV *name;
	PADOFFSET padoff;
	SV *type;
};

DEFSTRUCT(ParamInit) {
	Param param;
	OpGuard init;
};

#define VEC(B) B ## _Vec

#define DEFVECTOR(B) DEFSTRUCT(VEC(B)) { \
	B (*data); \
	size_t used, size; \
}

DEFVECTOR(Param);
DEFVECTOR(ParamInit);

#define DEFVECTOR_INIT(N, B) static void N(VEC(B) *p) { \
	p->used = 0; \
	p->size = 23; \
	Newx(p->data, p->size, B); \
} static void N(VEC(B) *)

DEFSTRUCT(ParamSpec) {
	Param invocant;
	VEC(Param) positional_required;
	VEC(ParamInit) positional_optional;
	VEC(Param) named_required;
	VEC(ParamInit) named_optional;
	Param slurpy;
	PADOFFSET rest_hash;
};

DEFVECTOR_INIT(pv_init, Param);
DEFVECTOR_INIT(piv_init, ParamInit);

static void p_init(Param *p) {
	p->name = NULL;
	p->padoff = NOT_IN_PAD;
	p->type = NULL;
}

static void ps_init(ParamSpec *ps) {
	p_init(&ps->invocant);
	pv_init(&ps->positional_required);
	piv_init(&ps->positional_optional);
	pv_init(&ps->named_required);
	piv_init(&ps->named_optional);
	p_init(&ps->slurpy);
	ps->rest_hash = NOT_IN_PAD;
}

#define DEFVECTOR_EXTEND(N, B) static B (*N(VEC(B) *p)) { \
	assert(p->used <= p->size); \
	if (p->used == p->size) { \
		const size_t n = p->size / 2 * 3 + 1; \
		Renew(p->data, n, B); \
		p->size = n; \
	} \
	return &p->data[p->used]; \
} static B (*N(VEC(B) *))

DEFVECTOR_EXTEND(pv_extend, Param);
DEFVECTOR_EXTEND(piv_extend, ParamInit);

#define DEFVECTOR_CLEAR(N, B, F) static void N(pTHX_ VEC(B) *p) { \
	while (p->used) { \
		p->used--; \
		F(aTHX_ &p->data[p->used]); \
	} \
	Safefree(p->data); \
	p->data = NULL; \
	p->size = 0; \
} static void N(pTHX_ VEC(B) *)

static void p_clear(pTHX_ Param *p) {
	p->name = NULL;
	p->padoff = NOT_IN_PAD;
	p->type = NULL;
}

static void pi_clear(pTHX_ ParamInit *pi) {
	p_clear(aTHX_ &pi->param);
	op_guard_clear(aTHX_ &pi->init);
}

DEFVECTOR_CLEAR(pv_clear, Param, p_clear);
DEFVECTOR_CLEAR(piv_clear, ParamInit, pi_clear);

static void ps_clear(pTHX_ ParamSpec *ps) {
	p_clear(aTHX_ &ps->invocant);

	pv_clear(aTHX_ &ps->positional_required);
	piv_clear(aTHX_ &ps->positional_optional);

	pv_clear(aTHX_ &ps->named_required);
	piv_clear(aTHX_ &ps->named_optional);

	p_clear(aTHX_ &ps->slurpy);
}

static int ps_contains(pTHX_ const ParamSpec *ps, SV *sv) {
	size_t i, lim;

	if (ps->invocant.name && sv_eq(sv, ps->invocant.name)) {
		return 1;
	}

	for (i = 0, lim = ps->positional_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
		if (sv_eq(sv, ps->positional_required.data[i].name)) {
			return 1;
		}
	}

	for (i = 0, lim = ps->positional_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
		if (sv_eq(sv, ps->positional_optional.data[i].param.name)) {
			return 1;
		}
	}

	for (i = 0, lim = ps->named_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
		if (sv_eq(sv, ps->named_required.data[i].name)) {
			return 1;
		}
	}

	for (i = 0, lim = ps->named_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
		if (sv_eq(sv, ps->named_optional.data[i].param.name)) {
			return 1;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

static void ps_free_void(pTHX_ void *p) {
	ps_clear(aTHX_ p);
	Safefree(p);
}

static int args_min(pTHX_ const ParamSpec *ps, const KWSpec *ks) {
	int n = 0;
	if (!ps) {
		return SvTRUE(ks->shift) ? 1 : 0;
	}
	if (ps->invocant.name) {
		n++;
	}
	n += ps->positional_required.used;
	n += ps->named_required.used * 2;
	return n;
}

static int args_max(const ParamSpec *ps) {
	int n = 0;
	if (!ps) {
		return -1;
	}
	if (ps->invocant.name) {
		n++;
	}
	n += ps->positional_required.used;
	n += ps->positional_optional.used;
	if (ps->named_required.used || ps->named_optional.used || ps->slurpy.name) {
		n = -1;
	}
	return n;
}

static size_t count_positional_params(const ParamSpec *ps) {
	return ps->positional_required.used + ps->positional_optional.used;
}

static size_t count_named_params(const ParamSpec *ps) {
	return ps->named_required.used + ps->named_optional.used;
}

static SV *my_eval(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, I32 floor, OP *op) {
	SV *sv;
	CV *cv;
	dSP;

	cv = newATTRSUB(floor, NULL, NULL, NULL, op);

	ENTER;
	SAVETMPS;

	PUSHMARK(SP);
	call_sv((SV *)cv, G_SCALAR | G_NOARGS);
	SPAGAIN;
	sv = sentinel_mortalize(sen, SvREFCNT_inc(POPs));

	PUTBACK;
	FREETMPS;
	LEAVE;

	return sv;
}

enum {
	PARAM_INVOCANT = 0x01,
	PARAM_NAMED    = 0x02
};

static PADOFFSET parse_param(
	pTHX_
	Sentinel sen,
	const SV *declarator, const KWSpec *spec, ParamSpec *param_spec,
	int *pflags, SV **pname, OpGuard *ginit, SV **ptype
) {
	I32 c;
	char sigil;
	SV *name;

	assert(!ginit->op);
	*pflags = 0;
	*ptype = NULL;

	c = lex_peek_unichar(0);

	if (spec->flags & FLAG_TYPES_OK) {
		if (c == '(') {
			I32 floor;
			OP *expr;
			Resource *expr_sentinel;

			lex_read_unichar(0);

			floor = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
			SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);
			CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);

			if (!(expr = parse_fullexpr(PARSE_OPTIONAL))) {
				croak("In %"SVf": invalid type expression", SVfARG(declarator));
			}
			if (MY_OP_SLABBED(expr)) {
				expr_sentinel = NULL;
			} else {
				expr_sentinel = sentinel_register(sen, expr, free_op_void);
			}

			lex_read_space(0);
			c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
			if (c != ')') {
				croak("In %"SVf": missing ')' after type expression", SVfARG(declarator));
			}
			lex_read_unichar(0);
			lex_read_space(0);

			SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
			if (expr_sentinel) {
				sentinel_disarm(expr_sentinel);
			}
			*ptype = my_eval(aTHX_ sen, floor, expr);
			if (!SvROK(*ptype)) {
				*ptype = reify_type(aTHX_ sen, declarator, *ptype);
			}
			if (!sv_isobject(*ptype)) {
				croak("In %"SVf": (%"SVf") doesn't look like a type object", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(*ptype));
			}

			c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
		} else if (MY_UNI_IDFIRST(c)) {
			*ptype = parse_type(aTHX_ sen, declarator);
			*ptype = reify_type(aTHX_ sen, declarator, *ptype);

			c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
		}
	}

	if (c == ':') {
		lex_read_unichar(0);
		lex_read_space(0);

		*pflags |= PARAM_NAMED;

		c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
	}

	if (c == -1) {
		croak("In %"SVf": unterminated parameter list", SVfARG(declarator));
	}

	if (!(c == '$' || c == '@' || c == '%')) {
		croak("In %"SVf": unexpected '%c' in parameter list (expecting a sigil)", SVfARG(declarator), (int)c);
	}

	sigil = c;

	lex_read_unichar(0);
	lex_read_space(0);

	if (!(name = my_scan_word(aTHX_ sen, FALSE))) {
		croak("In %"SVf": missing identifier after '%c'", SVfARG(declarator), sigil);
	}
	sv_insert(name, 0, 0, &sigil, 1);
	*pname = name;

	lex_read_space(0);
	c = lex_peek_unichar(0);

	if (c == '=') {
		lex_read_unichar(0);
		lex_read_space(0);


		if (!param_spec->invocant.name && SvTRUE(spec->shift)) {
			param_spec->invocant.name = spec->shift;
			param_spec->invocant.padoff = pad_add_name_sv(param_spec->invocant.name, 0, NULL, NULL);
		}

		op_guard_update(ginit, parse_termexpr(0));

		lex_read_space(0);
		c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
	}

	if (c == ':') {
		*pflags |= PARAM_INVOCANT;
		lex_read_unichar(0);
		lex_read_space(0);
	} else if (c == ',') {
		lex_read_unichar(0);
		lex_read_space(0);
	} else if (c != ')') {
		if (c == -1) {
			croak("In %"SVf": unterminated parameter list", SVfARG(declarator));
		}
		croak("In %"SVf": unexpected '%c' in parameter list (expecting ',')", SVfARG(declarator), (int)c);
	}

	return pad_add_name_sv(*pname, IF_HAVE_PERL_5_16(padadd_NO_DUP_CHECK, 0), NULL, NULL);
}

static OP *my_var_g(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, PADOFFSET padoff) {
	OP *var = newOP(type, flags);
	var->op_targ = padoff;
	return var;
}

static OP *my_var(pTHX_ I32 flags, PADOFFSET padoff) {
	return my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADSV, flags, padoff);
}

static OP *mkhvelem(pTHX_ PADOFFSET h, OP *k) {
	OP *hv = my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, OPf_REF, h);
	return newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, hv, k);
}

static OP *mkconstsv(pTHX_ SV *sv) {
	return newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv);
}

static OP *mkconstiv(pTHX_ IV i) {
	return mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSViv(i));
}

static OP *mkconstpv(pTHX_ const char *p, size_t n) {
	return mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpv(p, n));
}

#define mkconstpvs(S) mkconstpv(aTHX_ "" S "", sizeof S - 1)

static OP *mktypecheck(pTHX_ const SV *declarator, int nr, SV *name, PADOFFSET padoff, SV *type) {
	/* $type->check($value) or Carp::croak "...: " . $type->get_message($value) */
	OP *chk, *err, *msg, *xcroak;

	err = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("In %"SVf": parameter %d (%"SVf"): ", SVfARG(declarator), nr, SVfARG(name)));
	{
		OP *args = NULL;

		args = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, args, mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(type)));
		args = op_append_elem(
			OP_LIST, args,
			padoff == NOT_IN_PAD
				? S_newDEFSVOP(aTHX)
				: my_var(aTHX_ 0, padoff)
		);
		args = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, args, newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, mkconstpvs("get_message")));

		msg = args;
		msg->op_type = OP_ENTERSUB;
		msg->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB];
		msg->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
	}

	msg = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0, err, msg);

	xcroak = newCVREF(
		OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
		newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
	);
	xcroak = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, op_append_elem(OP_LIST, msg, xcroak));

	{
		OP *args = NULL;

		args = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, args, mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(type)));
		args = op_append_elem(
			OP_LIST, args,
			padoff == NOT_IN_PAD
				? S_newDEFSVOP(aTHX)
				: my_var(aTHX_ 0, padoff)
		);
		args = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, args, newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, mkconstpvs("check")));

		chk = args;
		chk->op_type = OP_ENTERSUB;
		chk->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB];
		chk->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
	}

	chk = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, chk, xcroak);
	return chk;
}

static OP *mktypecheckp(pTHX_ const SV *declarator, int nr, const Param *param) {
	return mktypecheck(aTHX_ declarator, nr, param->name, param->padoff, param->type);
}

static void register_info(pTHX_ UV key, SV *declarator, const KWSpec *kws, const ParamSpec *ps) {
	dSP;

	ENTER;
	SAVETMPS;

	PUSHMARK(SP);
	EXTEND(SP, 10);

	/* 0 */ {
		mPUSHu(key);
	}
	/* 1 */ {
		size_t n;
		char *p = SvPV(declarator, n);
		char *q = memchr(p, ' ', n);
		mPUSHp(p, q ? (size_t)(q - p) : n);
	}
	if (!ps) {
		if (SvTRUE(kws->shift)) {
			PUSHs(kws->shift);
		} else {
			PUSHmortal;
		}
		PUSHmortal;
		mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)newAV()));
		mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)newAV()));
		mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)newAV()));
		mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)newAV()));
		mPUSHp("@_", 2);
		PUSHmortal;
	} else {
		/* 2, 3 */ {
			if (ps->invocant.name) {
				PUSHs(ps->invocant.name);
				if (ps->invocant.type) {
					PUSHs(ps->invocant.type);
				} else {
					PUSHmortal;
				}
			} else {
				PUSHmortal;
				PUSHmortal;
			}
		}
		/* 4 */ {
			size_t i, lim;
			AV *av;

			lim = ps->positional_required.used;

			av = newAV();
			if (lim) {
				av_extend(av, (lim - 1) * 2);
				for (i = 0; i < lim; i++) {
					Param *cur = &ps->positional_required.data[i];
					av_push(av, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->name));
					av_push(av, cur->type ? SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->type) : &PL_sv_undef);
				}
			}

			mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)av));
		}
		/* 5 */ {
			size_t i, lim;
			AV *av;

			lim = ps->positional_optional.used;

			av = newAV();
			if (lim) {
				av_extend(av, (lim - 1) * 2);
				for (i = 0; i < lim; i++) {
					Param *cur = &ps->positional_optional.data[i].param;
					av_push(av, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->name));
					av_push(av, cur->type ? SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->type) : &PL_sv_undef);
				}
			}

			mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)av));
		}
		/* 6 */ {
			size_t i, lim;
			AV *av;

			lim = ps->named_required.used;

			av = newAV();
			if (lim) {
				av_extend(av, (lim - 1) * 2);
				for (i = 0; i < lim; i++) {
					Param *cur = &ps->named_required.data[i];
					av_push(av, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->name));
					av_push(av, cur->type ? SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->type) : &PL_sv_undef);
				}
			}

			mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)av));
		}
		/* 7 */ {
			size_t i, lim;
			AV *av;

			lim = ps->named_optional.used;

			av = newAV();
			if (lim) {
				av_extend(av, (lim - 1) * 2);
				for (i = 0; i < lim; i++) {
					Param *cur = &ps->named_optional.data[i].param;
					av_push(av, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->name));
					av_push(av, cur->type ? SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->type) : &PL_sv_undef);
				}
			}

			mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)av));
		}
		/* 8, 9 */ {
			if (ps->slurpy.name) {
				PUSHs(ps->slurpy.name);
				if (ps->slurpy.type) {
					PUSHs(ps->slurpy.type);
				} else {
					PUSHmortal;
				}
			} else {
				PUSHmortal;
				PUSHmortal;
			}
		}
	}
	PUTBACK;

	call_pv(MY_PKG "::_register_info", G_VOID);

	FREETMPS;
	LEAVE;
}

static int parse_fun(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len, const KWSpec *spec) {
	ParamSpec *param_spec;
	SV *declarator;
	I32 floor_ix;
	int save_ix;
	SV *saw_name;
	OpGuard *prelude_sentinel;
	SV *proto;
	OpGuard *attrs_sentinel;
	OP *body;
	unsigned builtin_attrs;
	I32 c;

	declarator = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvn(keyword_ptr, keyword_len));

	lex_read_space(0);

	builtin_attrs = 0;

	/* function name */
	saw_name = NULL;
	if ((spec->flags & FLAG_NAME_OK) && (saw_name = my_scan_word(aTHX_ sen, TRUE))) {

		if (PL_parser->expect != XSTATE) {
			/* bail out early so we don't predeclare $saw_name */
			croak("In %"SVf": I was expecting a function body, not \"%"SVf"\"", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(saw_name));
		}

		sv_catpvs(declarator, " ");
		sv_catsv(declarator, saw_name);

		if (
			sv_eq_pvs(saw_name, "BEGIN") ||
			sv_eq_pvs(saw_name, "END") ||
			sv_eq_pvs(saw_name, "INIT") ||
			sv_eq_pvs(saw_name, "CHECK") ||
			sv_eq_pvs(saw_name, "UNITCHECK")
		) {
			builtin_attrs |= MY_ATTR_SPECIAL;
		}

		lex_read_space(0);
	} else if (!(spec->flags & FLAG_ANON_OK)) {
		croak("I was expecting a function name, not \"%.*s\"", (int)(PL_parser->bufend - PL_parser->bufptr), PL_parser->bufptr);
	} else {
		sv_catpvs(declarator, " (anon)");
	}

	/* we're a subroutine declaration */
	floor_ix = start_subparse(FALSE, saw_name ? 0 : CVf_ANON);
	SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);

	/* create outer block: '{' */
	save_ix = S_block_start(aTHX_ TRUE);

	/* initialize synthetic optree */
	Newx(prelude_sentinel, 1, OpGuard);
	op_guard_init(prelude_sentinel);
	sentinel_register(sen, prelude_sentinel, free_op_guard_void);

	/* parameters */
	param_spec = NULL;

	c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
	if (c == '(') {
		OpGuard *init_sentinel;

		Newx(init_sentinel, 1, OpGuard);
		op_guard_init(init_sentinel);
		sentinel_register(sen, init_sentinel, free_op_guard_void);

		Newx(param_spec, 1, ParamSpec);
		ps_init(param_spec);
		sentinel_register(sen, param_spec, ps_free_void);

		lex_read_unichar(0);
		lex_read_space(0);

		while ((c = lex_peek_unichar(0)) != ')') {
			int flags;
			SV *name, *type;
			char sigil;
			PADOFFSET padoff;

			padoff = parse_param(aTHX_ sen, declarator, spec, param_spec, &flags, &name, init_sentinel, &type);

			S_intro_my(aTHX);

			sigil = SvPV_nolen(name)[0];

			/* internal consistency */
			if (flags & PARAM_NAMED) {
				if (flags & PARAM_INVOCANT) {
					croak("In %"SVf": invocant %"SVf" can't be a named parameter", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
				}
				if (sigil != '$') {
					croak("In %"SVf": named parameter %"SVf" can't be a%s", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name), sigil == '@' ? "n array" : " hash");
				}
			} else if (flags & PARAM_INVOCANT) {
				if (init_sentinel->op) {
					croak("In %"SVf": invocant %"SVf" can't have a default value", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
				}
				if (sigil != '$') {
					croak("In %"SVf": invocant %"SVf" can't be a%s", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name), sigil == '@' ? "n array" : " hash");
				}
			} else if (sigil != '$' && init_sentinel->op) {
				croak("In %"SVf": %s %"SVf" can't have a default value", SVfARG(declarator), sigil == '@' ? "array" : "hash", SVfARG(name));
			}

			/* external constraints */
			if (param_spec->slurpy.name) {
				croak("In %"SVf": I was expecting \")\" after \"%"SVf"\", not \"%"SVf"\"", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(param_spec->slurpy.name), SVfARG(name));
			}
			if (sigil != '$') {
				assert(!init_sentinel->op);
				param_spec->slurpy.name = name;
				param_spec->slurpy.padoff = padoff;
				param_spec->slurpy.type = type;
				continue;
			}

			if (!(flags & PARAM_NAMED) && count_named_params(param_spec)) {
				croak("In %"SVf": positional parameter %"SVf" can't appear after named parameter %"SVf"", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name), SVfARG((param_spec->named_required.used ? param_spec->named_required.data[0] : param_spec->named_optional.data[0].param).name));
			}

			if (flags & PARAM_INVOCANT) {
				if (param_spec->invocant.name) {
					croak("In %"SVf": invalid double invocants %"SVf", %"SVf"", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(param_spec->invocant.name), SVfARG(name));
				}
				if (count_positional_params(param_spec) || count_named_params(param_spec)) {
					croak("In %"SVf": invocant %"SVf" must be first in parameter list", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
				}
				if (!(spec->flags & FLAG_INVOCANT)) {
					croak("In %"SVf": invocant %"SVf" not allowed here", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
				}
				param_spec->invocant.name = name;
				param_spec->invocant.padoff = padoff;
				param_spec->invocant.type = type;
				continue;
			}

			if (init_sentinel->op && !(spec->flags & FLAG_DEFAULT_ARGS)) {
				croak("In %"SVf": default argument for %"SVf" not allowed here", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
			}

			if (ps_contains(aTHX_ param_spec, name)) {
				croak("In %"SVf": %"SVf" can't appear twice in the same parameter list", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
			}

			if (flags & PARAM_NAMED) {
				if (!(spec->flags & FLAG_NAMED_PARAMS)) {
					croak("In %"SVf": named parameter :%"SVf" not allowed here", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
				}

				if (init_sentinel->op) {
					ParamInit *pi = piv_extend(&param_spec->named_optional);
					pi->param.name = name;
					pi->param.padoff = padoff;
					pi->param.type = type;
					pi->init = op_guard_transfer(init_sentinel);
					param_spec->named_optional.used++;
				} else {
					Param *p;

					if (param_spec->positional_optional.used) {
						croak("In %"SVf": can't combine optional positional (%"SVf") and required named (%"SVf") parameters", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(param_spec->positional_optional.data[0].param.name), SVfARG(name));
					}

					p = pv_extend(&param_spec->named_required);
					p->name = name;
					p->padoff = padoff;
					p->type = type;
					param_spec->named_required.used++;
				}
			} else {
				if (init_sentinel->op || param_spec->positional_optional.used) {
					ParamInit *pi = piv_extend(&param_spec->positional_optional);
					pi->param.name = name;
					pi->param.padoff = padoff;
					pi->param.type = type;
					pi->init = op_guard_transfer(init_sentinel);
					param_spec->positional_optional.used++;
				} else {
					Param *p = pv_extend(&param_spec->positional_required);
					p->name = name;
					p->padoff = padoff;
					p->type = type;
					param_spec->positional_required.used++;
				}
			}

		}
		lex_read_unichar(0);
		lex_read_space(0);

		if (!param_spec->invocant.name && SvTRUE(spec->shift)) {
			if (ps_contains(aTHX_ param_spec, spec->shift)) {
				croak("In %"SVf": %"SVf" can't appear twice in the same parameter list", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(spec->shift));
			}

			param_spec->invocant.name = spec->shift;
			param_spec->invocant.padoff = pad_add_name_sv(param_spec->invocant.name, 0, NULL, NULL);
		}
	}

	/* prototype */
	proto = NULL;
	c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
	if (c == ':') {
		lex_read_unichar(0);
		lex_read_space(0);

		c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
		if (c != '(') {
			lex_stuff_pvs(":", 0);
			c = ':';
		} else {
			lex_read_unichar(0);
			if (!(proto = my_scan_parens_tail(aTHX_ sen, FALSE))) {
				croak("In %"SVf": prototype not terminated", SVfARG(declarator));
			}
			my_check_prototype(aTHX_ sen, declarator, proto);
			lex_read_space(0);
			c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
			if (!(c == ':' || c == '{')) {
				lex_stuff_pvs(":", 0);
				c = ':';
			}
		}
	}

	/* attributes */
	Newx(attrs_sentinel, 1, OpGuard);
	op_guard_init(attrs_sentinel);
	sentinel_register(sen, attrs_sentinel, free_op_guard_void);

	if (c == ':' || c == '{') /* '}' - hi, vim */ {

		/* kludge default attributes in */
		if (SvTRUE(spec->attrs) && SvPV_nolen(spec->attrs)[0] == ':') {
			lex_stuff_sv(spec->attrs, 0);
			c = ':';
		}

		if (c == ':') {
			lex_read_unichar(0);
			lex_read_space(0);
			c = lex_peek_unichar(0);

			for (;;) {
				SV *attr;

				if (!(attr = my_scan_word(aTHX_ sen, FALSE))) {
					break;
				}

				lex_read_space(0);
				c = lex_peek_unichar(0);

				if (c != '(') {
					if (sv_eq_pvs(attr, "lvalue")) {
						builtin_attrs |= MY_ATTR_LVALUE;
						attr = NULL;
					} else if (sv_eq_pvs(attr, "method")) {
						builtin_attrs |= MY_ATTR_METHOD;
						attr = NULL;
					}
				} else {
					SV *sv;
					lex_read_unichar(0);
					if (!(sv = my_scan_parens_tail(aTHX_ sen, TRUE))) {
						croak("In %"SVf": unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list", SVfARG(declarator));
					}
					sv_catpvs(attr, "(");
					sv_catsv(attr, sv);
					sv_catpvs(attr, ")");

					lex_read_space(0);
					c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
				}

				if (attr) {
					op_guard_update(attrs_sentinel, op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs_sentinel->op, mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(attr))));
				}

				if (c == ':') {
					lex_read_unichar(0);
					lex_read_space(0);
					c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/* body */
	if (c != '{') /* '}' - hi, vim */ {
		croak("In %"SVf": I was expecting a function body, not \"%c\"", SVfARG(declarator), (int)c);
	}

	/* surprise predeclaration! */
	if (saw_name) {
		/* 'sub NAME (PROTO);' to make name/proto known to perl before it
		   starts parsing the body */
		const I32 sub_ix = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
		SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);

		SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);

		newATTRSUB(
			sub_ix,
			mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(saw_name)),
			proto ? mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(proto)) : NULL,
			NULL,
			NULL
		);
	}

	if (builtin_attrs & MY_ATTR_LVALUE) {
		CvLVALUE_on(PL_compcv);
	}
	if (builtin_attrs & MY_ATTR_METHOD) {
		CvMETHOD_on(PL_compcv);
	}
	if (builtin_attrs & MY_ATTR_SPECIAL) {
		CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
	}

	/* check number of arguments */
	if (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS) {
		int amin, amax;

		amin = args_min(aTHX_ param_spec, spec);
		if (amin > 0) {
			OP *chk, *cond, *err, *xcroak;

			err = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("Not enough arguments for %"SVf" (expected %d, got ", SVfARG(declarator), amin));
			err = newBINOP(
				OP_CONCAT, 0,
				err,
				newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv))
			);
			err = newBINOP(
				OP_CONCAT, 0,
				err,
				mkconstpvs(")")
			);

			xcroak = newCVREF(OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
			                  newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV)));
			err = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
			              op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, xcroak));

			cond = newBINOP(OP_LT, 0,
			                newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
			                mkconstiv(aTHX_ amin));
			chk = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, cond, err);

			op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk)));
		}

		amax = args_max(param_spec);
		if (amax >= 0) {
			OP *chk, *cond, *err, *xcroak;

			err = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("Too many arguments for %"SVf" (expected %d, got ", SVfARG(declarator), amax));
			err = newBINOP(
				OP_CONCAT, 0,
				err,
				newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv))
			);
			err = newBINOP(
				OP_CONCAT, 0,
				err,
				mkconstpvs(")")
			);

			xcroak = newCVREF(
				OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
				newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
			);
			err = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
			op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, xcroak));

			cond = newBINOP(
				OP_GT, 0,
				newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
				mkconstiv(aTHX_ amax)
			);
			chk = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, cond, err);

			op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk)));
		}

		if (param_spec && (count_named_params(param_spec) || (param_spec->slurpy.name && SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '%'))) {
			OP *chk, *cond, *err, *xcroak;
			const UV fixed = count_positional_params(param_spec) + !!param_spec->invocant.name;

			err = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("Odd number of paired arguments for %"SVf"", SVfARG(declarator)));

			xcroak = newCVREF(
				OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
				newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
			);
			err = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
			op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, xcroak));

			cond = newBINOP(OP_GT, 0,
			                newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
			                mkconstiv(aTHX_ fixed));
			cond = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0,
			                cond,
			                newBINOP(OP_MODULO, 0,
			                         fixed
			                         ? newBINOP(OP_SUBTRACT, 0,
			                                    newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
			                                    mkconstiv(aTHX_ fixed))
			                         : newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
			                         mkconstiv(aTHX_ 2)));
			chk = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, cond, err);

			op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk)));
		}
	}

	if (!param_spec) {
		/* my $invocant = shift; */
		if (SvTRUE(spec->shift)) {
			OP *var;

			var = my_var(
				aTHX_
				OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
				pad_add_name_sv(spec->shift, 0, NULL, NULL)
			);
			var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, newOP(OP_SHIFT, 0));

			op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var)));
		}
	} else {
		/* my $invocant = shift; */
		if (param_spec->invocant.name) {
			OP *var;

			var = my_var(
				aTHX_
				OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
				param_spec->invocant.padoff
			);
			var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, newOP(OP_SHIFT, 0));

			op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var)));

			if (param_spec->invocant.type && (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_TARGS)) {
				op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, mktypecheckp(aTHX_ declarator, 0, &param_spec->invocant))));
			}
		}

		/* my (...) = @_; */
		{
			OP *lhs;
			size_t i, lim;

			lhs = NULL;

			for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->positional_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
				OP *const var = my_var(
					aTHX_
					OPf_WANT_LIST | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
					param_spec->positional_required.data[i].padoff
				);
				lhs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, lhs, var);
			}

			for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->positional_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
				OP *const var = my_var(
					aTHX_
					OPf_WANT_LIST | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
					param_spec->positional_optional.data[i].param.padoff
				);
				lhs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, lhs, var);
			}

			{
				PADOFFSET padoff;
				I32 type;
				bool slurpy_hash;

				/*
				 * cases:
				 *  1) no named params
				 *   1.1) slurpy
				 *       => put it in
				 *   1.2) no slurpy
				 *       => nop
				 *  2) named params
				 *   2.1) no slurpy
				 *       => synthetic %{rest}
				 *   2.2) slurpy is a hash
				 *       => put it in
				 *   2.3) slurpy is an array
				 *       => synthetic %{rest}
				 *          remember to declare array later
				 */

				slurpy_hash = param_spec->slurpy.name && SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '%';
				if (!count_named_params(param_spec)) {
					if (param_spec->slurpy.name) {
						padoff = param_spec->slurpy.padoff;
						type = slurpy_hash ? OP_PADHV : OP_PADAV;
					} else {
						padoff = NOT_IN_PAD;
						type = OP_PADSV;
					}
				} else if (slurpy_hash) {
					padoff = param_spec->slurpy.padoff;
					type = OP_PADHV;
				} else {
					padoff = param_spec->rest_hash = pad_add_name_pvs("%{rest}", 0, NULL, NULL);
					type = OP_PADHV;
				}

				if (padoff != NOT_IN_PAD) {
					OP *const var = my_var_g(
						aTHX_
						type,
						OPf_WANT_LIST | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
						padoff
					);

					lhs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, lhs, var);

					if (type == OP_PADHV) {
						param_spec->rest_hash = padoff;
					}
				}
			}

			if (lhs) {
				OP *rhs;
				lhs->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
				rhs = newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));

				op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(
					OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op,
					newSTATEOP(
						0, NULL,
						newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, lhs, 0, rhs)
					)
				));
			}
		}

		/* default positional arguments */
		{
			size_t i, lim, req;
			OP *nest;

			nest = NULL;

			req = param_spec->positional_required.used;
			for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->positional_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
				ParamInit *cur = &param_spec->positional_optional.data[i];
				OP *var, *cond;

				cond = newBINOP(
					OP_LT, 0,
					newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
					mkconstiv(aTHX_ req + i + 1)
				);

				var = my_var(aTHX_ 0, cur->param.padoff);

				nest = op_append_list(
					OP_LINESEQ, nest,
					newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, op_guard_relinquish(&cur->init))
				);
				nest = newCONDOP(
					0,
					cond,
					nest,
					NULL
				);
			}

			op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(
				OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op,
				nest
			));
		}

		/* named parameters */
		if (count_named_params(param_spec)) {
			size_t i, lim;

			assert(param_spec->rest_hash != NOT_IN_PAD);

			for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->named_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
				Param *cur = &param_spec->named_required.data[i];
				size_t n;
				char *p = SvPV(cur->name, n);
				OP *var, *cond;

				cond = mkhvelem(aTHX_ param_spec->rest_hash, mkconstpv(aTHX_ p + 1, n - 1));

				if (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS) {
					OP *xcroak, *msg;

					var = mkhvelem(aTHX_ param_spec->rest_hash, mkconstpv(aTHX_ p + 1, n - 1));
					var = newUNOP(OP_DELETE, 0, var);

					msg = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("In %"SVf": missing named parameter: %.*s", SVfARG(declarator), (int)(n - 1), p + 1));
					xcroak = newCVREF(
						OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
						newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
					);
					xcroak = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, op_append_elem(OP_LIST, msg, xcroak));

					cond = newUNOP(OP_EXISTS, 0, cond);

					cond = newCONDOP(0, cond, var, xcroak);
				}

				var = my_var(
					aTHX_
					OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
					cur->padoff
				);
				var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, cond);

				op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var)));
			}

			for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->named_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
				ParamInit *cur = &param_spec->named_optional.data[i];
				size_t n;
				char *p = SvPV(cur->param.name, n);
				OP *var, *cond;

				var = mkhvelem(aTHX_ param_spec->rest_hash, mkconstpv(aTHX_ p + 1, n - 1));
				var = newUNOP(OP_DELETE, 0, var);

				cond = mkhvelem(aTHX_ param_spec->rest_hash, mkconstpv(aTHX_ p + 1, n - 1));
				cond = newUNOP(OP_EXISTS, 0, cond);

				cond = newCONDOP(0, cond, var, op_guard_relinquish(&cur->init));

				var = my_var(
					aTHX_
					OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
					cur->param.padoff
				);
				var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, cond);

				op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var)));
			}

			if (!param_spec->slurpy.name) {
				if (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS) {
					/* croak if %{rest} */
					OP *xcroak, *cond, *keys, *msg;

					keys = newUNOP(OP_KEYS, 0, my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash));
					keys = newLISTOP(OP_SORT, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0), keys);
					{
						OP *first, *mid, *last;

						last = keys;

						mid = mkconstpvs(", ");
						mid->op_sibling = last;

						first = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);

						keys = newLISTOP(OP_JOIN, 0, first, mid);
						keys->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_JOIN, SVs_PADTMP);
						((LISTOP *)keys)->op_last = last;
					}

					msg = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("In %"SVf": no such named parameter: ", SVfARG(declarator)));
					msg = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0, msg, keys);

					xcroak = newCVREF(
						OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
						newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
					);
					xcroak = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, op_append_elem(OP_LIST, msg, xcroak));

					cond = newUNOP(OP_KEYS, 0, my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash));
					xcroak = newCONDOP(0, cond, xcroak, NULL);

					op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, xcroak)));
				} else {
					OP *clear;

					clear = newASSIGNOP(
						OPf_STACKED,
						my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash),
						0,
						newNULLLIST()
					);

					op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, clear)));
				}
			} else if (param_spec->slurpy.padoff != param_spec->rest_hash) {
				OP *var, *clear;

				assert(SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '@');

				var = my_var_g(
					aTHX_
					OP_PADAV,
					OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
					param_spec->slurpy.padoff
				);

				var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash));

				op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var)));

				clear = newASSIGNOP(
					OPf_STACKED,
					my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash),
					0,
					newNULLLIST()
				);

				op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, clear)));
			}
		}

		if (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_TARGS) {
			size_t i, lim, base;

			base = 1;
			for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->positional_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
				Param *cur = &param_spec->positional_required.data[i];

				if (cur->type) {
					op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, mktypecheckp(aTHX_ declarator, base + i, cur))));
				}
			}
			base += i;

			for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->positional_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
				Param *cur = &param_spec->positional_optional.data[i].param;

				if (cur->type) {
					op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, mktypecheckp(aTHX_ declarator, base + i, cur))));
				}
			}
			base += i;

			for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->named_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
				Param *cur = &param_spec->named_required.data[i];

				if (cur->type) {
					op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, mktypecheckp(aTHX_ declarator, base + i, cur))));
				}
			}
			base += i;

			for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->named_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
				Param *cur = &param_spec->named_optional.data[i].param;

				if (cur->type) {
					op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, mktypecheckp(aTHX_ declarator, base + i, cur))));
				}
			}
			base += i;

			if (param_spec->slurpy.type) {
				/* $type->valid($_) or croak $type->get_message($_) for @rest / values %rest */
				OP *check, *list, *loop;

				check = mktypecheck(aTHX_ declarator, base, param_spec->slurpy.name, NOT_IN_PAD, param_spec->slurpy.type);

				if (SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '@') {
					list = my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADAV, 0, param_spec->slurpy.padoff);
				} else {
					list = my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->slurpy.padoff);
					list = newUNOP(OP_VALUES, 0, list);
				}

				loop = newFOROP(0, NULL, list, check, NULL);

				op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, loop)));
			}
		}
	}

	/* finally let perl parse the actual subroutine body */
	body = parse_block(0);

	/* add '();' to make function return nothing by default */
	/* (otherwise the invisible parameter initialization can "leak" into
	   the return value: fun ($x) {}->("asdf", 0) == 2) */
	if (prelude_sentinel->op) {
		body = newSTATEOP(0, NULL, body);
	}

	body = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, op_guard_relinquish(prelude_sentinel), body);

	/* it's go time. */
	{
		CV *cv;
		OP *const attrs = op_guard_relinquish(attrs_sentinel);

		SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);

		/* close outer block: '}' */
		S_block_end(aTHX_ save_ix, body);

		cv = newATTRSUB(
			floor_ix,
			saw_name ? newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(saw_name)) : NULL,
			proto ? newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(proto)) : NULL,
			attrs,
			body
		);

		if (cv) {
			register_info(aTHX_ PTR2UV(CvROOT(cv)), declarator, spec, param_spec);
		}

		if (saw_name) {
			*pop = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
			return KEYWORD_PLUGIN_STMT;
		}

		*pop = newUNOP(
			OP_REFGEN, 0,
			newSVOP(
				OP_ANONCODE, 0,
				(SV *)cv
			)
		);
		return KEYWORD_PLUGIN_EXPR;
	}
}

static int kw_flags_enter(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, const char *kw_ptr, STRLEN kw_len, KWSpec *spec) {
	HV *hints;
	SV *sv, **psv;
	const char *p, *kw_active;
	STRLEN kw_active_len;

	if (!(hints = GvHV(PL_hintgv))) {
		return FALSE;
	}
	if (!(psv = hv_fetchs(hints, HINTK_KEYWORDS, 0))) {
		return FALSE;
	}
	sv = *psv;
	kw_active = SvPV(sv, kw_active_len);
	if (kw_active_len <= kw_len) {
		return FALSE;
	}
	for (
		p = kw_active;
		(p = strchr(p, *kw_ptr)) &&
		p < kw_active + kw_active_len - kw_len;
		p++
	) {
		if (
			(p == kw_active || p[-1] == ' ') &&
			p[kw_len] == ' ' &&
			memcmp(kw_ptr, p, kw_len) == 0
		) {
			ENTER;
			SAVETMPS;

			SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(sentinel_clear_void, sen);

			spec->flags = 0;
			spec->shift = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));
			spec->attrs = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));

#define FETCH_HINTK_INTO(NAME, PTR, LEN, X) STMT_START { \
	const char *fk_ptr_; \
	STRLEN fk_len_; \
	SV *fk_sv_; \
	fk_sv_ = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(HINTK_ ## NAME)); \
	sv_catpvn(fk_sv_, PTR, LEN); \
	fk_ptr_ = SvPV(fk_sv_, fk_len_); \
	if (!((X) = hv_fetch(hints, fk_ptr_, fk_len_, 0))) { \
		croak("%s: internal error: $^H{'%.*s'} not set", MY_PKG, (int)fk_len_, fk_ptr_); \
	} \
} STMT_END

			FETCH_HINTK_INTO(FLAGS_, kw_ptr, kw_len, psv);
			spec->flags = SvIV(*psv);

			FETCH_HINTK_INTO(SHIFT_, kw_ptr, kw_len, psv);
			SvSetSV(spec->shift, *psv);

			FETCH_HINTK_INTO(ATTRS_, kw_ptr, kw_len, psv);
			SvSetSV(spec->attrs, *psv);

#undef FETCH_HINTK_INTO
			return TRUE;
		}
	}
	return FALSE;
}

static int my_keyword_plugin(pTHX_ char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len, OP **op_ptr) {
	Sentinel sen = { NULL };
	KWSpec spec;
	int ret;

	if (kw_flags_enter(aTHX_ sen, keyword_ptr, keyword_len, &spec)) {
		/* scope was entered, 'sen' and 'spec' are initialized */
		ret = parse_fun(aTHX_ sen, op_ptr, keyword_ptr, keyword_len, &spec);
		FREETMPS;
		LEAVE;
	} else {
		/* not one of our keywords, no allocation done */
		ret = next_keyword_plugin(aTHX_ keyword_ptr, keyword_len, op_ptr);
	}

	return ret;
}

WARNINGS_RESET

MODULE = Function::Parameters   PACKAGE = Function::Parameters   PREFIX = fp_
PROTOTYPES: ENABLE

UV
fp__cv_root(sv)
	SV * sv
	PREINIT:
		CV *xcv;
		HV *hv;
		GV *gv;
	CODE:
		xcv = sv_2cv(sv, &hv, &gv, 0);
		RETVAL = PTR2UV(xcv ? CvROOT(xcv) : NULL);
	OUTPUT:
		RETVAL

BOOT:
WARNINGS_ENABLE {
	HV *const stash = gv_stashpvs(MY_PKG, GV_ADD);
	/**/
	newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_NAME_OK",      newSViv(FLAG_NAME_OK));
	newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_ANON_OK",      newSViv(FLAG_ANON_OK));
	newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_DEFAULT_ARGS", newSViv(FLAG_DEFAULT_ARGS));
	newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_CHECK_NARGS",  newSViv(FLAG_CHECK_NARGS));
	newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_INVOCANT",     newSViv(FLAG_INVOCANT));
	newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_NAMED_PARAMS", newSViv(FLAG_NAMED_PARAMS));
	newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_TYPES_OK",     newSViv(FLAG_TYPES_OK));
	newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_CHECK_TARGS",  newSViv(FLAG_CHECK_TARGS));
	newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_KEYWORDS", newSVpvs(HINTK_KEYWORDS));
	newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_FLAGS_",   newSVpvs(HINTK_FLAGS_));
	newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_SHIFT_",   newSVpvs(HINTK_SHIFT_));
	newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_ATTRS_",   newSVpvs(HINTK_ATTRS_));
	/**/
	next_keyword_plugin = PL_keyword_plugin;
	PL_keyword_plugin = my_keyword_plugin;
} WARNINGS_RESET